Structure and Function in Agroecosystem Design and Management - Chapter 9 pot

... Georgakopoulos 92 0103_CRC20_ 090 4_FM 1/13/01 11:30 AM Page xiii Structure and Function in Agroecosystem Design and Management Structure and Function in Agroecosystem Design and Management Edited by Masae Shiyomi Hiroshi ... U.K. J.mitchley@ic.ac.uk 92 0103_CRC20_ 090 4_FM 1/13/01 11:30 AM Page x 4 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN AGROECOSYSTEMS DESIGN A...

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... 199 7 8 Paoletti, 198 8 19 Lys and Nentwig, 199 2, 199 4 9 Noss, 199 0 20 Nazzi et al., 198 9 10 Werner and Dindal, 199 0 21 Pingali and Roger, 199 5 11 Paoletti et al., 198 9 22 McCullum et al., 199 8 12 Favretto ... al., 199 7; Carli, 199 7; Lys and Nentwig, 199 2, 199 4; Lys et al., 199 4; Frank and Nentwig, 199 5; Paoletti and Lorenzoni, 198 9). CORRIDORS AND CONNECTIVIT...

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... time intervals in the same area (Fischer and Stocklin, 199 9). Habitat frag- mentation combined with changes in grassland management and the land- scape context have resulted in significant increases ... Robertson, H.J., Mackintosh, J., and Hopkins, J.J. 199 9. The extent of semi-natural grassland com- munities in lowland England and Wales: a review of conservation surveys...

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... Antonovics and Levin ( 198 0), Weiner ( 198 2), Goldberg and Werner ( 198 3), Barkham and Hance ( 198 2), Pacala and Silander ( 198 5), Silvertown et al. ( 199 2), and Wallinga ( 199 5). Although a distinction RN 0,t ᎏᎏᎏᎏ [1 ... (Ampong-Nyarko and de Datta, 199 3; Barbour and Bridges, 199 5; Holt, 199 5), water stress (Paterson, 199 5), fertil- ization strategies (Ampong-Nyarko...

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... 1 890 190 0 191 0 192 0 193 0 194 0 195 0 196 0 197 0 198 0 199 0 7 6 5 4 3 2 5 4 3 2 Figure 5.1 Corn and rice yields in the U.S. and Japan in the last 100 years (Uchijima, 199 0). which the interactions ... understand intuitively the interac- tions operating in such systems even in such a 4-component system like this 92 0103_CRC20_ 090 4_CH05 1/13/01 10:48 AM Page 98 102 ST...

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... the Tropical and Subtropical Countries* Land area Permanent pastures Livestock* (M ha) (M ha) (M) Region 197 9 199 4 197 9 199 4 198 9 199 4 World Total 13040 .9 13045.4 3265.0 3 395 .2 4164.3 4204.3 Africa 296 3.5 ... Karunaichamy and Paliwal, 199 5; Paliwal and Karunaichamy 199 9) and temperate grasslands (Bokhari and Singh, 197 5; and Sims and Singh; 197 8). Secondary Produc...

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... pesticides, and herbicides on AM colonization and species occurrences have been reviewed and summa- rized in Johnson and Pfleger ( 199 2), Kurle and Pfleger ( 199 4), and Thompson ( 199 4). Our understanding ... 155 164 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN AGROECOSYSTEMS DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT McGonigle, T.P. and Miller, M.H., 199 6. Development of fungi below ground in as...

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... role in their survival and establishment, and species seen in agroecosystems are not exceptional in this matter. 170 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN AGROECOSYSTEMS DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT 92 0103_CRC20_ 090 4_CH08 ... kanzawai in 199 5 (Kuki), and Panonychus citri in 199 6 (Chiba). 92 0103_CRC20_ 090 4_CH08 1/13/01 10:56 AM Page 1 79 as conventional agroecosystems are...

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... 10: 59 AM Page 190 194 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN AGROECOSYSTEMS DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT in the same field. Similar results were reported by Tien and Gusui ( 199 1) in China against CMV in several vegetables. ... a slowed spread of disease in untreated plants 92 0103_CRC20_ 090 4_CH 09 1/13/01 10: 59 AM Page 193 192 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN AGROECOSYSTEMS...

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... IN AGROECOSYSTEMS DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT 92 0103_CRC20_ 090 4_CH12 1/13/01 11:06 AM Page 260 264 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN AGROECOSYSTEMS DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT Table 12.4 Comparing Model Output (MD) ... Kobresia humilis, and subdominant species are 254 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN AGROECOSYSTEMS DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT 92 0103_CRC20_ 090 4_CH12 1/13/01 11:06...

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