Drought and Water Cruises: Science, Technology, and Management Issues - Chapter 7 ppsx

... America on acid-free paper 109 876 54321 International Standard Book Number-10: 0-8 24 7- 2 77 1-1 (Hardcover) International Standard Book Number-13: 97 8-0 -8 24 7- 2 77 1-0 (Hardcover) Library of Congress ... Overview Chapter 1 Drought as Hazard: Understanding the Natural and Social Context 3 Donald A. Wilhite and Margie Buchanan-Smith PART II Drought and...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 17:20

... (3-month) rainfall and temper- atures (maximum and minimum). This methodology (Dros- dowsky and Chambers, 1998) involves: 1. Identification of predictands (e.g., rainfall and tem- perature) and ... (1 977 ) noted a variety of social, economic, envi- ronmental, political, and infrastructural constraints that would limit the value of even a perfect drought forecast. He concluded th...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 17:20

... in supply Supply -and- demand balance or “institutional drought Single water source or low supply reliability Multiple water sources or high supply reliability Low-priority water rights or ... disasters Water use patterns High-growth area/high additional demand Stable or decreasing water demand High percent water use improvements requires earlier demand management respon...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 17:20

... national drought policy that emphasized a more risk-based manage- ment approach, focused on improving self-reliance and mini- mizing the need for government intervention during and in the post -drought ... on Inte- grating drought policy, assessment and management. In: Pro- ceedings of the International Conference on Integrated Drought Management: Lessons for Sub-Saharan Africa...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 17:20

... restrictions, drought management plan- ning and drought pricing, rate design alternatives, and communication and education are among the ways to bolster water supply and contend with drought. (p. ... landscape irrigation Conservation-oriented rates, rebates, and program and policy incentives 15–100 Water- efficient landscape design (e.g., functional turf areas only) Nati...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 17:20

... 2005 by Taylor & Francis Group Drought, Climate Change, and Vulnerability 221 1969, dramatic in 1 974 , 1 978 , and 1982, and intermediate in 19 87 and 1992, and they suggest that unspecified factors ... case of drought. In the United States at least, institu- tions that regulate on the one hand and design and dissemi- nate new technologies on the other hand are the pri...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 17:20

... international issues; (2) Arizona and Califor- nia: interstate issues in the Lower Basin; (3) Native American water rights; and (4) conjunctive use and management: groundwater and surface water in ... surface water and groundwater are considered public resources sub- ject to state law, with rights and permits to use water granted to individuals and water providers...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 17:20

... 15.2 22.2 7. 0 15.4 1 1.5 3.8 Guangxi 21.5 29.2 7. 7 35.8 +5.1 650 7. 2 6.9 –0.3 –1.5 1 1.3 7. 7 Hainan 4.2 4.4 0.2 4.8 –0 .7 560 10.0 11 .7 1 .7 5 .7 1 0.8 7. 2 Chongqing 27. 6 24.5 –2.5 –10 .7 +1.6 180 ... Climate and Precipitation 322 B. Water Resources 322 1. Surface Water 322 2. Groundwater 322 3. Water Quality 323 II. Drought and Water Shortage Issues 324 A. P...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 17:20

... rotation, dry- land sorghum and winter wheat rotation, and dryland cotton and winter wheat rotation. Production costs are incurred on crop planting, so areas planted for which insufficient water is ... fore- casting is directly related to degree of exposure and risk management behavior. A consequence of the current water reforms—as timely access to instream water is no longer g...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 17:20

... Industrial Water Demand Energy Water Demand Consumptive Energy Water Demand Total Water Demand Total Consumptive Water Demand Returned Water 384 5, 679 284 40,855 24,0 37 16,818 Note: ... Urban Water Demand Consumptive Urban Water Demand Agricultural Water Demand (Irrigation) Consumptive Agricultural Water Demand (Irrigation) Industry Water Demand*...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 17:20