... Biochemistry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA2Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA3Present ... to the resultsobserved on matrix synthesis in chondrocytes in culture,where TGF-β1 was able to stimulate significant new matrixsynthesis as well as overcome the suppressive effects of IL-1β ... as well as in theadjacent muscle, including stimulation of glycosaminogly-can (GAG) release and nitric oxide synthesis, andenhancement of fibrogenesis and muscle edema. Theseresults suggest...