Introduction to the Cardiovascular System - part 2 pdf
Introduction to the Cardiovascular System - part 2 pdf
...
+60°
+90°
-3 0°
-1 50°
+ 120 °
FIGURE 2- 2 0 The axial reference system showing the
location within the axis of the positive electrode for all
six limb leads.
Ch 02_ 00 9-0 40_Klabunde 4 /21 /04 10:53 ... filament.
Ch03_04 1-0 58_Klabunde 4 /21 /04 10:57 AM Page 43
wave of the QRS). About 20 milliseconds
later, the mean electrical vector points down-
ward toward the...
Introduction to the Cardiovascular System - part 3 pdf
... causes the end-diastolic pressure-
volume curve to shift up and to the left, as shown in Figure 4 -2 7. This shift will reduce
the end-diastolic volume and increase the end-diastolic pressure at the ... occurs because the total energy of
the blood within the ventricle exceeds the to-
tal energy of blood within the aorta. The total
energy of the blood is the su...
Introduction to the Cardiovascular System - part 1 doc
... ions. The resistors represent the membrane
resistances to the ions. Resistance equals the reciprocal of the ion conductances (i.e., 1/gX).
Eq. 2- 3
Eq. 2- 4
Eq. 2- 5
Ch 02_ 00 9-0 40_Klabunde 4 /21 /04 ... gradient, to enter the cell.
As the m-gates open, the h-gates begin to
close; however, the m-gates open more rapidly
than the h-gates close. The differen...
Introduction to the Cardiovascular System - part 5 pot
... reflex.
Mechano-
receptor
Mechano-
receptor
Mechano-
receptor
Chemo-
receptor
Chemo-
receptor
Chemo-
receptor
2
Chemo-
receptor
Chemo-
receptor
Nociceptor
Nociceptor
Various
Proprio-
ceptor
Proprio-
ceptor,
Chemo-
receptor
Thermo-
receptor
Thermo-
receptor
Internal
Carotids ... epinephrine.
Epinephrine binds to 
1
, 
2
, ␣
1
, and ␣
2
adrenoceptors; however, the affinity of epi-
nep...
Introduction to the Cardiovascular System - part 6 docx
... 
2
-adrenoceptors) or in-
creases (via vascular ␣
1
and ␣
2
-adrenocep-
tors) systemic vascular resistance, depend-
ing upon the plasma concentration.
• The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
plays ... the
autoregulatory range). This is because of the
strong capacity of these organs to autoregulate
and their ability to escape sympathetic vaso-
constrictor influences. The...
Introduction to the Cardiovascular System - part 7 pot
... and the post -to- precapillary resis-
tance ratio is 0 .20 . After inducing heart failure, the mean arterial pressure falls to 80
mm Hg, and the venous pressure increases to 20 mm Hg. Furthermore, the ... concentration dif-
ference of oxygen (expressed as pO
2
differ-
ence) between the capillary blood and the tis-
sue surrounding the capillary (the pO
2
difference is...
Introduction to the Cardiovascular System - part 8 pot
... required to switch over to anaerobic gly-
colysis for the production of ATP. Acidosis
stimulates peripheral and central chemore-
ceptors, leading to increased sympathetic ac-
tivity to the systemic ... stimulation (
1
-adrenoceptor
mediated) and peripheral vasoconstriction ( -
adrenoceptor mediated), and contributes to
the release of renin by the kidneys through re-
nal...
Introduction to the Cardiovascular System - part 9 ppsx
... PHYSIOLOGICAL
ACTIONS OF ENDOTHELIN-1
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is synthesized from an
endothelin precursor (big ET-1 or pro-ET-1)
and cleaved to ET-1 by endothelin convert-
ing enzyme (ECE) found on the endothelial
cell ... APPENDIX
App _21 5 -2 24 _Klabunde 4 /21 /04 11:50 AM Page 22 0
produce vasodilation) are blocked, the ␣
1
-
adrenoceptors can produce vasoconstric-
tion unopposed...
Introduction to the Cardiovascular System - part 10 pot
... 11
afterload (particularly aortic diastolic pres-
sure) enables the end-systolic volume to de-
crease slightly, but not enough to overcome
the decline in end-diastolic volume.
Therefore, the net effect ... be-
cause of the large stroke volume ejected into
the aorta. As long as the ventricle is not in fail-
ure, normal end-systolic volumes can be sus-
tained; however, the end...
The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European Part 1 pdf
... acid-free paper by
Biddles Ltd., www.biddles.co.uk
ISBN 0-1 9-9 28 79 1-0 97 8-0 -1 9-9 28 79 1-8 (HB)
0-1 9-9 29 66 8-5 97 8-0 -1 9-9 29 66 8 -2
135791086 42
The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the
Proto-Indo-European ... Slavic 25
2. 7 Albanian 26
2. 8 Greek 27
2. 9 Anatolian 28
2. 10 Armenian 31
2. 11 Indo-Aryan 32
2. 12 Ira...