Introduction to the Cardiovascular System - part 1 doc
Introduction to the Cardiovascular System - part 1 doc
... gradient, to enter the cell.
As the m-gates open, the h-gates begin to
close; however, the m-gates open more rapidly
than the h-gates close. The difference in the
opening and closing rates of the two ... ions. The resistors represent the membrane
resistances to the ions. Resistance equals the reciprocal of the ion conductances (i.e., 1/ gX).
Eq. 2-3
Eq. 2-...
Introduction to the Cardiovascular System - part 6 docx
... output; SVR,
systemic vascular resistance.
Ch06 _11 7 -1 40_Klabunde 4/ 21/ 04 11 :26 AM Page 13 4
chemoreceptor activation generally leads
to activation of the sympathetic nervous
system to the vasculature, ... heart.
d. Results in reflex tachycardia.
13 8 CHAPTER 6
Ch06 _11 7 -1 40_Klabunde 4/ 21/ 04 11 :26 AM Page 13 8
Ch06 _11 7 -1 40_Klabunde 4/ 21/ 04 11 :26 AM Page 1...
Introduction to the Cardiovascular System - part 2 pdf
... b
1
-adrenoceptors, although it also can bind to ␣
1
-adrenoceptors.
Sympathetic nerve stimulation releases norepinephrine, which binds to 
1
-adreno-
ceptors and ␣
1
-adrenoceptors found on ... filament.
Ch03_04 1- 0 58_Klabunde 4/ 21/ 04 10 :57 AM Page 43
wave of the QRS). About 20 milliseconds
later, the mean electrical vector points down-
ward toward the apex (vector 2...
Introduction to the Cardiovascular System - part 3 pdf
... addition, endothelial cells synthesize
endothelin -1 (ET -1 ) , a powerful vasocon-
strictor (see Fig. 3 -1 1) . Synthesis is stimu-
lated by angiotensin II, vasopressin, throm-
bin, cytokines, and ... causes the end-diastolic pressure-
volume curve to shift up and to the left, as shown in Figure 4-2 7. This shift will reduce
the end-diastolic volume and increase the end-dia...
Introduction to the Cardiovascular System - part 5 pot
... reflex.
Mechano-
receptor
Mechano-
receptor
Mechano-
receptor
Chemo-
receptor
Chemo-
receptor
Chemo-
receptor
2
Chemo-
receptor
Chemo-
receptor
Nociceptor
Nociceptor
Various
Proprio-
ceptor
Proprio-
ceptor,
Chemo-
receptor
Thermo-
receptor
Thermo-
receptor
Internal
Carotids ... particularly in the lower limbs, and
propels blood toward the heart through a system of
one-way valves.
Ch05_09...
Introduction to the Cardiovascular System - part 7 pot
... Increasing the
pO
2
difference increases the rate of diffusion.
Ch08 _17 1- 1 84_Klabunde 4/ 21/ 04 11 :45 AM Page 17 4
Ch07 _14 1- 1 70_Klabunde 4/ 21/ 04 11 :43 AM Page 17 0
Although the AV anastomoses are ... by the reflection coefficient
(), a factor that represents the permeability of the cap-
illary to the proteins responsible for generating the on-
cotic pressure...
Introduction to the Cardiovascular System - part 8 pot
... high.
Ch09 _18 5-2 14 _Klabunde 4/ 21/ 04 11 :47 AM Page 207
Ch08 _17 1- 1 84_Klabunde 4/ 21/ 04 11 :45 AM Page 18 4
cannot operate to promote venous return and
so cardiac output increases relatively little.
Furthermore, the abdominothoracic ... permeability.
Physiol Rev 19 99;79:703–7 61.
EXCHANGE FUNCTION OF THE MICROCIRCULATION 18 3
Ch08 _17 1- 1 84_Klabunde 4/ 21/ 04 11...
Introduction to the Cardiovascular System - part 9 ppsx
... PHYSIOLOGICAL
ACTIONS OF ENDOTHELIN -1
Endothelin -1 (ET -1 ) is synthesized from an
endothelin precursor (big ET -1 or pro-ET -1 )
and cleaved to ET -1 by endothelin convert-
ing enzyme (ECE) found on the endothelial
cell ... at least partially offset the pressure-lowering effect of systemic vasodi-
lation.
CASE 9-3
Ch09 _18 5-2 14 _Klabunde 4/ 21/ 04 11 :47 AM Page 211
n...
Introduction to the Cardiovascular System - part 10 pot
... 11
Klabunde 15 55 Supplemental 6/3/04 6: 31 PM Page 11
afterload (particularly aortic diastolic pres-
sure) enables the end-systolic volume to de-
crease slightly, but not enough to overcome
the ... residual volume added to the incoming
venous return causes the end-diastolic volume
to increase. This increases preload and acti-
vates the Frank-Starling mechanism to i...
Tài liệu The Complete Guide to the TOEFL IBT part 1 doc
... 20: The Summary Task 11 2
Speaking Review Test 11 4
Speaking Tutorial: Building Pronunciation Skills 11 4
Guide to Writing 11 7
The Integrated Writing Task 11 7
Integrated Writing Preview Test 11 7
Lesson ... student?
Narrator: Question 3: What assumption does the professor
make about the student?
1
AUDIO SCRIPT
TOEFL_ASAK_00 1- 1 40.qxp 4/ 21/ 06 1: 16 PM Page 1
The C...
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