Fundamentals of Polymer Engineering Part 15 doc

... Inc. Ashear-thinningviscosityisnottheonlynon-Newtonianfeatureofthe behaviorofpolymericfluids;severalotherunusualphenomenaareobserved.If, inthesituationdepictedinFigure14.2,theshearrateissuddenlyreducedtozero aftertheattainmentofasteadystate,low-andhigh-molecular-weightliquids againbehavedifferently.ThestressintheNewtonianfluidgoestozeroinstantly, butittakessometimetodisappearinthepolymer.Thetim...

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... A., and D. H. Sebastian, Principles of Polymerization Engineering, Wiley, New York, 1983. 4. Kumar, A., and S. K. Gupta, Fundamentals of Polymer Science and Engineering, Tata McGraw-Hill, New ... Experimental Validation of Reversible Polymerization, Ph.D. thesis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India, 1988. Step-Growth Polymerizati...

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... Inc. alkali.Ifablanksolutionofthebenzylalcoholpluschloroformrequired5mLof thebase,howmanycarboxylendgroupswerecontainedinthepolymersample? Solution:Because30mLof0.105gramequivalentperliterofthebasereacted withthepolymer,theconcentrationofgramequivalentsofendgroupswas ð30Þð10 À6 Þð0:105Þ 0 :15 ¼21Â10 À6 equivalentspergram 8.3COLLIGATIVEPROPERTIES Itiseasilyobservedthatdissolvinganonvolatileso...

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... value of De or, equivalently, of the interaction parameter is needed to assure polymer polymer miscibility. Example 9.4: If the 1 g of polymer of Example 9.1 is diss olved in 9 g of a different polymer ... and composed of a series of segments the size of a solvent molecule. The number of segments in each polymer molecule is m, which equals V 2 =V 1 ,the ratio of th...

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... Inc. 12.12.ThePMMAsampleofExample12.5andProblem12.11isstretchedin uniaxialtension.Willshearyieldingorcrazingoccurfirst?Atwhatvalue ofs 1 ? 12.13.Apolystyrenesampleofunitvolumeissubjectedtoafatiguetestata temperatureof50  Candfrequencyof10Hz.UsethedataofFigures12.7 and12.15toestimatetheinitialrateoftemperatureriseinthesample. Assume ... Inc. mentionedinChapter2.Torecapitulate,thepolymerfreevol...

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... ! ð13:6:9Þ where E¼molarenergyneededtoovercomeattractiveforces x¼ratioofcriticalvolumeofsolventtothatofpolymersegment ^ VV 0 1 ð0Þ¼occupiedvolumepergramofsolvent ^ VV 0 2 ð0Þ¼occupiedvolumepergramofpolymer ^ VV FH ¼holefreevolumepergramofmixture g;D 0 ¼constant Finally,followingBearman[57],Dudaetal.[58]haveshownthatwhenthe self-diffusioncoefficientofthesolventgreatlyexceedsthatofthepolymer(thi...

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... Inc. References39 Problems39 2.EffectofChemicalStructureonPolymerProperties45 2.1Introduction45 2.2EffectofTemperatureonPolymers45 2.3AdditivesforPlastics50 2.4Rubbers61 2.5CellulosePlastics66 2.6CopolymersandBlends68 2.7Cross-LinkingReactions72 2.8Ion-ExchangeResins80 2.9Conclusion89 References90 Problems91 3.Step-GrowthPolymerization103 3.1Introduction103 3.2EsterificationofHomologousSeriesa...

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... molecular structure of the graft copolymer and the number of grafts formed. In addition, the length of the graft may vary, and the graft copolymer often carries a fair amount of homopolymer. The ‘‘graft-onto’’ ... classification of polymers is based on molecular structure. According to this system, the polymer could be one of the following: 1. Linear-chain polymer 2. Branched-c...

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... Inc. higherthehardnessandmodulus.Anotherfactorthatplaysamajorrolein determiningthefinalpropertyofthepolymeristhechemicalnatureofthe surface.Mineralfillerssuchascalciumcarbonateandtitaniumdioxidepowder oftenhavepolarfunctionalgroups(e.g.,hydroxylgroups)onthesurface.To improvethewettingproperties,theyaresometimestreatedwithachemicalcalled acouplingagent. Couplingagentsarechemicalsthatareusedtotre...

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... application of a vacuum in order to obtain a polymer Reaction Engineering of Step-Growth Polymerization 169 Copyright © 2003 Marcel Dekker, Inc. The total pressure P T is then the sum of partial ... with the permission of Plenum Publishing Corporation.) Reaction Engineering of Step-Growth Polymerization 155 Copyright © 2003 Marcel Dekker, Inc. 4.8. Suppose the HCSTR of Pro...

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