Fundamentals of Polymer Engineering Part 13 doc

... Inc. 12.12.ThePMMAsampleofExample12.5andProblem12.11isstretchedin uniaxialtension.Willshearyieldingorcrazingoccurfirst?Atwhatvalue ofs 1 ? 12 .13. Apolystyrenesampleofunitvolumeissubjectedtoafatiguetestata temperatureof50  Candfrequencyof10Hz.UsethedataofFigures12.7 and12.15toestimatetheinitialrateoftemperatureriseinthesample. Assume ... Inc. FIGURE 12.8 Effect of temperature on the stress–...

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... A., and D. H. Sebastian, Principles of Polymerization Engineering, Wiley, New York, 1983. 4. Kumar, A., and S. K. Gupta, Fundamentals of Polymer Science and Engineering, Tata McGraw-Hill, New ... Experimental Validation of Reversible Polymerization, Ph.D. thesis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India, 1988. Step-Growth Polymerizati...

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... ! 1:39 ¼14;876 Inclosingthissection,wenotethat,fromEq.(8.6.8),½ZM=N A isthevolumeofa polymermoleculemultipliedby2.5,whereascN A =Misobviouslythenumberof polymermoleculesperunitvolume.Asaconsequence,½Zc,whichistheproduct ofthesetwoquantities,representsthevolumefractionofpolymermultipliedby 2.5.Ifthisnumberissmallcomparedtounity,thepolymersolutionisconsidered tobedilute;ifitisoftheorderofunit...

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... value of De or, equivalently, of the interaction parameter is needed to assure polymer polymer miscibility. Example 9.4: If the 1 g of polymer of Example 9.1 is diss olved in 9 g of a different polymer ... and composed of a series of segments the size of a solvent molecule. The number of segments in each polymer molecule is m, which equals V 2 =V 1 ,the ratio of th...

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... Chapter 13 Copyright © 2003 Marcel Dekker, Inc. 13 PolymerDi¡usion 13. 1INTRODUCTION Inengineeringpractice,weroutinelyencounterthediffusionofsmallmolecules throughsolidpolymers,thediffusionofpolymermoleculesindiluteorconcen- tratedsolution,andthetransportofmacromoleculesthroughpolymermelts.We cameacrossdiffusionindilutesolutionwhenwedevelopedthetheoryofthe ultracentrifugeinChapter8asamet...

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... Inc. inwhichmandUareasyetunspecifiedfunctions,wegetthefactorableformof theKaye–BKZequation[52,53]: ~ t¼ ð t À1 mðtÀt 0 Þ2 @U @I 1 ~ C À1 À2 @U @I 2 ~ C  dt 0 ð14:10:23Þ BecausemandUareunspecifiedfunctions,ititpossibletopredictmostobserved rheologicalphenomenabypickingspecificfunctionalformsforthesequantities [7]. AparticularformofEq.(14.10.23)thatdeservesspecialmentionistheone resultingfromthe...

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... Inc. 6.4RecyclingandDegradationofPolymers285 6.5Conclusion287 Appendix6.1:SolutionofEquationsDescribing IsothermalRadicalPolymerization287 References293 Problems294 7.EmulsionPolymerization299 7.1Introduction299 7.2AqueousEmulsifierSolutions300 7.3SmithandEwartTheoryforStateIIofEmulsion Polymerization304 7.4EstimationoftheTotalNumberofParticles,N t 313 7.5MonomerConcentrationinPolymerParticl...

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... molecular structure of the graft copolymer and the number of grafts formed. In addition, the length of the graft may vary, and the graft copolymer often carries a fair amount of homopolymer. The ‘‘graft-onto’’ ... classification of polymers is based on molecular structure. According to this system, the polymer could be one of the following: 1. Linear-chain polymer 2. Branched-c...

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... Inc. higherthehardnessandmodulus.Anotherfactorthatplaysamajorrolein determiningthefinalpropertyofthepolymeristhechemicalnatureofthe surface.Mineralfillerssuchascalciumcarbonateandtitaniumdioxidepowder oftenhavepolarfunctionalgroups(e.g.,hydroxylgroups)onthesurface.To improvethewettingproperties,theyaresometimestreatedwithachemicalcalled acouplingagent. Couplingagentsarechemicalsthatareusedtotre...

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... application of a vacuum in order to obtain a polymer Reaction Engineering of Step-Growth Polymerization 169 Copyright © 2003 Marcel Dekker, Inc. The total pressure P T is then the sum of partial ... condensation polymerization of two monomers A and B that do not mix. In such cases, the monomers diffuse to the interface and polymerize there. Find the molecular weight of the poly...

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