Neuromuscular Diseases A Practical Guideline - part 8 potx

... has focused on (1) transmitting terabits-per-second aggregate traffic across transoceanic distances with individual channel data rates at 10 or 20 Gb/s [Cai01, Bak01, VPM01], or 40 Gb/s channel ... optical packet-switched networks and local-area optical networks continues today. Meanwhile, wavelength-routing networks became a major focus area for several researchers in the early 1990s as...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... DNA of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi from Asia. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, v. 38, n. 4, p. 144 9-1 452 2000. Molina-Aja A, Garc a- Gasca A, Abreu-Grobois A, Bolán-Mej a ... Diseases, v. 18, n. 4, p. 28 3-2 90, 1995. Newaj-Fyzul A, Mutani A, Ramsubhag A, Adesiyun A. Prevalence of bacterial pathogens and their anti-microbial resistance in Tilapia...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 04:20

... layer. A virtual circuit (VC) represents an end-to-end connection with a certain set of quality-of-service parameters associated with it, such as bandwidth and error rate. Data transmitted by ... (virtual circuits) and is capable of providing a variety of quality-of-service guarantees. Packets in ATM are called cells and are of fixed length (53 bytes). ATM is being used by many c...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... and Filters 11~ Figure 3.5 A polarization-independent isolator. The isolator is constructed along the same lines as a polarization-dependent isolator but uses spatial walk-off polarizers at ... multiple optical signals are generated by repeated traversals of a single cavity; such devices are called etalons. An electromagnetic wave (light) of angular frequency co propagating, say,...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... situation. Also the passband of narrow band MZIs is not flat. In contrast, the dielectric multicavity thin-film filters can have flat passbands and good stop bands. MZIs are useful as two-input, ... cavities leads to a flatter passband and a sharper transition from the passband to the stop band. 3.3 Multiplexers and Filters 137 a result, the crosstalk performance is far from the i...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... mod- eled as a Gaussian random process with zero mean and autocorrelation function (4ksT/R)6(r). Here k8 is Boltzmann's constant and has the value 1. 38 x 10 -2 3 J/~ and 6(r) is the Dirac ... of the APD by 7~APD, and the average avalanche multiplication gain by Gm, the average photocurrent is given by [ - 7~APDP Gm~P, and the shot noise current at the APD output has v...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... and add OC-12 or OC-3 streams from/to an OC- 48 stream. Similarly, an OC-3 ADM can drop/add DS3 streams from/to an OC-3 stream. ADMs are now widely used in the SONET infrastructure. ADMs can ... first STS-1 in a frame) are used to carry a line data communication channel for maintenance purposes such as alarms, monitoring, and control. Path Overhead STS Path trace (J1). Just as in...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... Consider a ring network with two intermediate adjacent nodes A and B, each with an OADM. (a) Consider the case where the OADM at node A adds wavelength )~1 and the OADM at node B drops the adjacent ... Postdeadline paper PD9. [Chb 98] M.W. Chbat et al. Towards wide-scale all-optical networking: The ACTS optical pan-European network (OPEN) project. IEEE JSAC. Special Issue on Hi...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... limitations: 9 Not all failures can be handled by the optical layer. If a laser in an attached client terminal fails, the optical layer cannot do anything about it. Thus, client equipment failures need ... optical multiplex section layer. Table 10.4 summarizes schemes operating in the optical channel layer. These schemes have not yet been standardized, and there are many variants. We...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... Acronyms Acronym Expansion 1R 2R 3R AAL ACTS ADM AGC AIS ANSI AOTF APD APS AR ASE ATM ATMOS AWG BCH BDI BER BLSR Regeneration without reshaping or retiming Regeneration ... indication signal American National Standards Institute Acousto-optic tunable filter Avalanche photodetector Automatic protection switching Anti-reflective Amplified spontaneous emission As...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 13:20