... self (e.g., Baldwin, 19 94; Bargh et al., 19 96; Chen &Bargh, 19 97; Levy, 19 96; Neuberg, 19 88; Shoda, Mischel, & Wright, 19 94). To provide but one example, Bargh et al. (19 96) showed how prim-ing ... leading leadership schol-ars have begun to explore the language of leadership (Conger, 19 91) . Forexample, Shamir, Arthur, and House (19 94; also see C. G. Emrich, Brower,Feldman, & Garland, ... collective-level identi-ties). In fact, Jung and Avolio’s (19 99) research supports this idea.In their research, Jung and Avolio (19 99) had 15 3 Asian American and 19 4 White research participants work...