Ophthalmology A Short Textbook - part 7 docx

... A retinoblastoma that also involves the fellow eye and pineal body is referred to as a trilateral retinoblastoma. A trilateral retinoblastoma is defined as additional manifestation of the tumor in the pineal ... cause or location of a process. In approximately 60% of all cases, the increased intracranial pressure with papilledema is caused by an intracranial tumor; 40% of all cases ar...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 20:22

... that secrete tear fluid. ❖ Structures that facilitate tear drainage. Anatomy of the lacrimal system. Orbital part of the lacrimal gland Plica semilunaris Superior punctum lacrimale Lacrimal sac Nasolacrimal duct Superior ... with accompanying blepharoconjunctivi- tis). Corneal ulceration may occur. Moraxella lacunata (Morax- Axenfeld diplobacillus): large Gram-negative diplobacilli Topical:...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 20:22

... 1 37 Acanthamoeba keratitis. Fig. 5.10 a Clini- cal findings in- clude keratitis with a ring- shaped corneal abscess. b Histologic findings after kerato- plasty include typical double-walled amebic ... under treatment. 5.4 .7 Acanthamoeba Keratitis Epidemiology: This is a rare type of keratitis and one which may have been diagnosed too rarely in the past. Etiology: Acanthamoeba is a...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 20:22

... license. 173 7. 4.1 Acquired Cataract 7. 4.1.1 Senile Cataract Epidemiology: Senile cataract is by far the most frequent form of cataract, accounting for 90% of all cataracts. About 5% of all 70 -year-olds ... therapy for bronchial asthma. 7. 4 .7. 1 Hereditary Congenital Cataracts Familial forms of congenital cataracts may be autosomal dominant, auto- somal recessive, sporadic, or X-lin...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 20:22

... humor drainage. ❖ Suitable for all patients with pri- mary open angle glau- coma. ❖ Adjunctive therapy with beta blockers, epine- phrine deri- vatives, pilocarpine, and car- bonic anhy- drase inhib- itors. ❖ No ... ther- apy causes malaise, nau- sea, depres- sion, anorexia, weight loss, and decreased libido in 40– 50% of glaucoma patients. – Acetazolamide: – Dichlorphenamide: Continued Ǟ 10 G...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 20:22

... Coats’ Disease Definition Congenital retinal telangiectasia with vascular anomalies that nearly always presents unilaterally and can lead to exudation and eventually to exudative reti- nal detachment. Epidemiology: ... nearly always unilateral. Pathogenesis: Telangiectasia and aneurysms lead to exudation and eventu- ally to retinal detachment. Symptoms: The early stages are characterized by l...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 20:22

... microphthalmos associated with cataract, nystagmus, and stra- bismus. 15.3.2.4 Rubinstein–Taybi Syndrome This craniomandibulofacial dysplasia is primarily characterized by antimon- goloid palpebral ... con- traindicated because it result in aniseikonia of approximately 25%. 16.4 Impaired Accommodation 16.4.1 Accommodation Spasm Definition An accommodation spasm is defined as inadequate protra...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 20:22

... surgery). Berlin’s edema Retinal and macular edema at the posterior pole of the globe (contre- coup location) possibly asso- ciated with bleeding. Loss of visual acuity. Watch-and-wait approach is advised until ... license. 493 Table 17. 4 Differential diagnosis between concomitant strabismus and paralytic stra- bismus Differential criterion Concomitant strabismus Paralytic strabismus Onset A...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 20:22

... 181 diabetic cataract 179 dialysis cataract 179 galactosemic cataract 179 , 185 snowflake cataract 179 tetany cataract 180 medical treatment 185 membranous cataract 285 secondary cataract 192, 193, ... 172 , 173 complicated cataracts 180, 181 congenital 182 –185, 192– 195 anterior pyramidal cat- aract 183 cerulean cataract 183 coronary cataract 183 from transplacental infection 185 lame...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 20:22

... is planted as to allocate single colony to a separate Mac Conkey agar plate. b. Reversed plates are incubated at 35 to 37 °C for 24 hours. c. Salmonella colonies appear as transparent and colorless ... precipitated area (Figure 5). Fig. 5. Appearance of typical Salmonella colonies in Mac Conkey agar 5.1.3.3 Appearance of Salmonella colonies in Salmonella – Shigella agar (SS) Ty...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 04:20