Fundamentals Of Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Part 6 ppt

... ∂ Hw n+.5 n=1 2 3 1.5 2.5 1.5 2.5 n=1 n=1 2 2 3 3 n=1 2 2 n=1 3 3 ψ n u n (y) [m s −1 ] H n q T n+.5 (y) [K] 6 6 6 m]y [10 m] m]y [10 y [10 n −1 ](y) [m s v a,n (y) [10 m s −1 ] (y) [10 m ] s −12 −1 ] [10 s ] −1 (y) [10 m s 5 −3 6 −7 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 10 −10 Fig. ... understand the implications of (5 .62 ) with U = 0, first consider the case of β = 0. Then the dispersion relati...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 11:21

... x α + iy α , (3 .65 ) (3 .63 ) becomes ˙ Z ∗ α = 1 2πi   β C β Z α − Z β . (3 .66 ) The symbol · ∗ denotes the complex conjugate of a variable. Yet another way to write (3 .63 )-(3 .66 ) is as a Hamiltonian ... = u(x(t), t) , x(0) = x 0 . (3 .62 ) 66 Barotropic and Vortex Dynamics Fig. 3.1. Oceanic and atmospheric vortices in Davis Strait (north of the Labrador Sea, west of Greenla...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 11:21

... speed. Thus, the dynamics of a Kelvin wave is a hybrid combination of the influences of rotation and stratification. The ocean is full of Kelvin waves near the coasts, generated as part of the response ... a ∞ . (4 .64 ) These conditions are based on the odd symmetry of v relative to the point x = 0 (i.e., v(x) = −v(−x), related by (4 .60 ) to the even symmetry of η); spatial...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 11:21

... one by (6. 33) and (6. 44), hence negligibly small. Equation (6. 60) will be solved in Sec. 6. 2.2. Discussion: As an alternative path to the same result, the gyre equa- tions (6. 58)- (6. 60) could ... they are assumed to be here. The origin of this relationship is the formula for the surface Ekman pumping (6. 40). Note that (6. 66) satisfies (6. 64) at all of the boundaries except the w...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 11:21

... L, is sufficiently small, 2.1 Fluid Dynamics 29 2.1.4 Energy Conservation The principle of energy conservation is a basic law of physics, but in the context of fluid dynamics it is derived from ... Equation of State: The equation of state for seawater, ρ(T, S, p), is known only by empirical evaluation, usually in the form of a polynomial expansion series in powers of the depa...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 11:21

... the effect of an Ekman boundary layer; Chaps. 5 -6. ) The degree of coherent vortex emergence and subsequent dynamical control of the equilibrium turbulence depends upon the relative rates of forcing ... external forcing of the flow. The common means of representing the scale distribution of a field is through its Fourier transform and spectrum. For example, the Fourier 3 .6 Emerg...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 11:21

... More often these instabilities arise either in re- sponse to locally forced flows (e.g., in boundary layers; Chap. 6) or as secondary instabilities of synoptic and mesoscale flows as part of a general ... problem for the statistical equilibrium of a baro- clinic zonal jet is analyzed at the end of the chapter. Of course, there are many other aspects of baroclinic dynamics (e.g....

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 11:21

... (6. 6). Seeking a way to avoid the full burden of the requirement of solving (6. 1) completely is referred to as the turbulence closure problem, which if solved permits the consideration of (6. 6) ... neglected in the mean-field balance (6. 6). Of course, F  = ν∇ 2 u  cannot be neglected in (6. 1) since a character- istic of turbulence is that the advective cascade of variance dy...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 11:21

... flow, 76, 233 axisymmetrization, 105, 111 balanced dynamics, 75, 234 baroclinic flow, 62 , 67 , 70, 117, 162 , 164 , 165 , 224, 2 56, 258 baroclinic instability, 97, 164 , 178, 182, 188, 199, 258, 262 , ... Circulation Model, 54, 105, 209, 2 16, 225, 235 geophysical fluid dynamics (GFD), 15, 24, 27, 28, 32, 66 , 105, 117, 157, 2 56, 262 , 263 geopotential function, 37, 53, 59, 60 , 10...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 11:21