EARTH AS AN EVOLVING PLANETARY SYSTEM Part 4 ppsx
EARTH AS AN EVOLVING PLANETARY SYSTEM Part 4 ppsx
... oceanic
and continental areas (Fig. 4. 18). Some occur on or near ocean ridges, such as Iceland,
St. Helena, and Tristan in the Atlantic basin, and others occur near the centers of plates
(such as ... the Earth as it accreted, and
4
He, an isotope produced by
radioactive decay of U and Th isotopes. Plume-related basalts in oceanic areas have
relatively high
3
He/
4
He ratios,...
EARTH AS AN EVOLVING PLANETARY SYSTEM Part 9 ppsx
...
of asteroids
Cooling
Breakup of Parent Bodies
Fall on the Earth
4. 56 – 4. 53 Ga
4. 54 – 4. 45 Ga
4. 4 – 4. 0 Ga
1000 – 5 Ma
1.5 – 0 Ma
Figure 10.15 Summary
of the history of meteorites
and asteroids.
indefinitely ... still occurring on the Earth as ocean-ridge basalts and
oceanic plateaus are produced. At least on the Earth and Venus, where substantial heat
was available, ea...
EARTH AS AN EVOLVING PLANETARY SYSTEM Part 1 ppt
... 350
Contents xiii
1
Earth Systems
Earth as a Planetary System
A system is an entity composed of diverse but interrelated parts that function as a
whole (Kump et al., 1999a). The individual parts, often ... years, the Earth has been considered a complex planetary system that
evolved over 4. 6 billion years of time. It includes reservoirs, such as the crust, mantle,
and...
EARTH AS AN EVOLVING PLANETARY SYSTEM Part 2 potx
... Pangea. Laurentia, which is also part of Pangea, includes most of North
America, Scotland and Ireland north of the Caledonian suture, Greenland, Spitzbergen,
and the Chukotsk Peninsula of eastern ... element distri-
butions in ocean-ridge
basalts and ophiolites.
Primitive mantle values
from Sun and McDonough
(1989), and other data
from Bednarz and
Schmincke (19 94) and
Alabaster et al. (198...
EARTH AS AN EVOLVING PLANETARY SYSTEM Part 3 pot
... Depleted
Mantle Lithosphere Lithosphere Mantle
SiO
2
46 .0 44 .1 46 .6 43 .6
TiO
2
0.18 0.09 0. 04 0.1 34
Al
2
O
3
4. 06 2.20 1 .46 1.18
FeOT 7. 54 8.19 6. 24 8.22
MgO 37.8 41 .2 44 .1 45 .2
CaO 3.21 2.20 0.79 1.13
Na
2
O ... zones are sutures and which are not.
Foreland and Hinterland Basins
Peripheral foreland and hinterland basins are like retroarc foreland basins in terms of s...
EARTH AS AN EVOLVING PLANETARY SYSTEM Part 5 ppt
... volcanic gases
178 The Atmosphere and Oceans
may have caused average ocean salinity to drop significantly during the Triassic and
Jurassic. Evaporite deposition has been sharply episodic, and ... Sun
was 25 to 30% less luminous than it is today and that its luminosity has increased with
time in an approximately linear manner (Kasting, 1987). The paradox associated with
this luminosity chang...
EARTH AS AN EVOLVING PLANETARY SYSTEM Part 6 ppt
... about
530 Ma, land plants 47 0 Ma, vascular plants 41 0 Ma, amphibians 370 Ma, reptiles and
the amniote egg about 330 Ma, insects 310 Ma, mammals 215 Ma, flowering plants 210
Ma, and man about 4 Ma (Australopithecus ... that
many nonvolatile elements such as U, Th, and rare earth elements (REEs), which are
Earth s Primitive Crust 267
Major Archean Cratons
Stanovoy
Aldan
Omolon
Ladoga...
EARTH AS AN EVOLVING PLANETARY SYSTEM Part 7 pptx
... Whereas most of Africa, Antarctica, Australia, and the Americas formed in the
Archean and Paleoproterozoic, much of Eurasia formed in the Meso- and Neoproterozoic
and the Phanerozoic.
Secular Changes ... separate terranes with unique
stratigraphy and deformational histories (Van Kranendonk et al., 2002): an eastern
terrane (3.72–2.85 Ga), a western terrane (3.27–2.92 Ga), and the Kuranna te...
EARTH AS AN EVOLVING PLANETARY SYSTEM Part 8 ppt
... plume volcanism. Except for the Siberian
and Emeishan Traps in eastern Asia, all major flood basalt provinces in the last 200 My
are associated with the opening a new ocean basin (Coffin and Eldholm, ... 24 0.11 3398 3. 94 3.75 2.5 0.8
Jupiter 5.2 11.9y 13 318 71,600 1.32
Saturn 9.2 29.5y 9.7 95.2 60,000 0.69
Uranus 19.1 84y 6.8 14. 5 25,600 1.27
Neptune 30 164y 5 .4 17.2 24, 760 1. 64
Pl...
EARTH AS AN EVOLVING PLANETARY SYSTEM Part 10 doc
... appearance of, 239– 240
events
1.9 Ga, 336– 345
2.7 Ga, 345 – 346
causes of mantle-plume, 347 –350
mantle-plume, 315, 329–331,
331– 347
evolution, comparative planetary, 355,
40 2 40 5
evolution, crustal and ... T., and
Basu, A. R., 1995. Synchrony and causal relations between
Permian–Triassic boundary crises and Siberian volcanism.
Science, 269: 141 3– 141 6.
Reymer, A., and Schubert,...