... detected in the syn-ovial lining cells by in situ hybridization in our study. Anotherexplanation is the difference of types of RA. The distribution of IL-32 expression in synovial tissues may be ... synovium and the intestinal epithelium. In thisway, IL-32 has a close relationship with the proinflammatorycytokines, especially TNFα, and this relationship may be one of the main mechanisms by which ... of IL-32 is expressed in the synovial membranes of RApatients, because the sensitivity of in situ hybridization is lim-ited [50]. In the previous study, the synovial lining cells of RApatients...