Control Engineering - A guide for beginners - Chapter 2 ppsx

... its behavior with respect to time. Chapter 2. 1 has already mentioned the static characteristic, and described the final values for various manipulating variables. No account is tak- en of changes ... of a change in manipu- lating variable is only reproduced in the process variable after the dead time has elapsed. If the change in manipulating variable was too large, there is a time...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 15:20

... the manipulating variable MV. There are a number of ways to carry out this task: me- chanical, pneumatic, electrical, mathematical. The mechanical controller, for example, alters a sig- nal through ... up, adjusting parameters, optimizing

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 15:20

... Continuous controllers 50 JUMO, FAS 525 , Edition 02. 04 takes up a value such that the resulting manipulating variable is just sufficient to maintain the pro- cess variable at a constant value. A P controller ... manipulating variable slowly increased by hand, allowing adequate time after the change for the end temperature to be reached. A certain value of manipulating variable wil...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 15:20

... error is also used as a measure of control quality (see Fig. 46). Linear control area (linear optimum): [A] min = A 1 - A 2 + A 3 Magnitude control area (magnitude optimum): [A] min = | A 1 ... | A 2 | + | A 3 | + Squared control area (squared optimum): [A] min = A1 2 + A2 2 + A3 2 + Without doubt, quite apart from any other considerations,...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 15:20

... receive an actuator retransmission signal and must always assu- me a linear actuator action. If the actuator has a non-linearity, or play is present in the actuator me- chanism, this assumption ... characte- ristics which we have already met in Chapter 3 .2. 1 “The proportional band” apply equally here. Fig. 56 : Proportional band of a quasi-continuous proportional controller The quas...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 15:20

... transfer from automatic to manual mode, where the manipulating variable remains at its current value, and can then be changed manually. In case of a broken probe, caused, for example, by a cable fault ... invaluable for trials and test runs, when the manipulating variable has to be operated in manual mode, i.e. without automatic control. They can be integrated in the controller or a...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 15:20

... such as temperature, pressure or voltage has to take up a specified value, and maintain it as accurately as possible. A simple example is a furnace whose temperature has to be maintained constant. ... variable after the dead time has elapsed. If the change in manipulating variable was too large, there is a time interval before this is noticed and acted on by reducing the manipulating...

Ngày tải lên: 13/12/2013, 00:14

... site. 32 Chapter 2 n Learning About Content Management Systems to learn and get paid for that. And CMS provides you with the ability to make websites in a fairly quick and relatively easy way, where ... that come with a Gmail account. To create a Gmail address, go to http://mail.google.com. Gmail and Other Email If you like, Gmail can check other email addresses, and it can also...

Ngày tải lên: 29/05/2014, 15:45

... and retrain people mean the need to teach and learn at a distance will escalate. Some of the main benefits of online learn- ing (a form of distance learning) are flexibility (people can learn at ... EDMEDIA 20 02. Amy Sitze is a journalist and magazine editor who became fas- cinated with online learning during her three years as editor of Online Learning Magazine. She liked the straight...

Ngày tải lên: 03/06/2014, 02:04

... bladder, or membrane, and has come to occupy space in the tube. There is also a passage the other way, but the molasses can pass through the bladder membrane so slowly that the passage is scarcely ... fine, delicate root-hairs are then broken off, and the plant can but poorly keep up its food and water supply until new hairs have been formed. While these are forming, water has been evaporat...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 05:20