Control Engineering - A guide for beginners - Chapter 1 ppt

... Inhalt 7 Special controller functions 11 3 7 .1 Control station / manual mode 11 3 7.2 Ramp function 11 4 7.3 Limiting the manipulating variable 11 4 7.4 Program controller 11 5 7.5 Self-optimization ... the manipulating variable MV. There are a number of ways to carry out this task: me- chanical, pneumatic, electrical, mathematical. The mechanical controller, for example, alters...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 15:20

... manipulating variable slowly increased by hand, allowing adequate time after the change for the end temperature to be reached. A certain value of manipulating variable will be de- termined, for ... working point A P controller only produces a manipulating variable when there is a control deviation, as we al- ready know from the controller equation. This means that the manipulati...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 15:20

... energy in an installation Table 10 shows the setting parameters of a quasi-continuous controller with two outputs and dyna- mic action: Table 10 : Setting parameters for a quasi-continuous controller, with ... manipulating variable on the regulating valve. The actuating controller operates the ac- tuator via two switching outputs, and receives an actuator retransmission signal (usua...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 15:20

... T g Temperature small electrically-heated oven large electrically-heated furnace large gas-fired reheating furnace autoclave high-pressure autoclave injection molding machine extruder packaging machine ... variable after the dead time has elapsed. If the change in manipulating variable was too large, there is a time interval before this is noticed and acted on by reducing the manipulating...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 15:20

... the area of the control error is also used as a measure of control quality (see Fig. 46). Linear control area (linear optimum): [A] min = A 1 - A 2 + A 3 Magnitude control area (magnitude ... distur- bances of the characteristics in a control loop normally has to be accepted as given, good control quality can only be achieved by a suitable choice of controll...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 15:20

... transfer from automatic to manual mode, where the manipulating variable remains at its current value, and can then be changed manually. In case of a broken probe, caused, for example, by a cable fault ... control. Fig. 71 shows the block diagram for cascade control. Fig. 71: Cascade control An auxiliary process variable x aux is derived from the process and applied to the inpu...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 15:20

... such as temperature, pressure or voltage has to take up a specified value, and maintain it as accurately as possible. A simple example is a furnace whose temperature has to be maintained constant. ... manipulating variable 11 4 7.4 Program controller 11 5 7.5 Self-optimization 11 6 7.6 Parameter/structure switching 11 8 7.7 Fuzzy logic 11 8 8 Standards, symbols, literature referenc...

Ngày tải lên: 13/12/2013, 00:14

... 10 CHAPTER I. CHAPTER II. CHAPTER III. CHAPTER IV. CHAPTER V. CHAPTER VI. CHAPTER VII. CHAPTER VIII. CHAPTER IX. CHAPTER X. CHAPTER XI. CHAPTER XII. CHAPTER I CHAPTER II CHAPTER III CHAPTER IV CHAPTER ... IV CHAPTER V CHAPTER VI CHAPTER VII CHAPTER VIII CHAPTER IX CHAPTER X CHAPTER XI CHAPTER XII Agriculture for Beginners, by Charles Willi...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 05:20

... with a Gmail account. To create a Gmail address, go to http://mail.google.com. Gmail and Other Email If you like, Gmail can check other email addresses, and it can also forward email to another address. ... looks. The advantage of creating a website manually is the degree of customization you can have, and the disadvantage is the amount of work it can take to create and maintain, and th...

Ngày tải lên: 29/05/2014, 15:45

... and retrain people mean the need to teach and learn at a distance will escalate. Some of the main benefits of online learn- ing (a form of distance learning) are flexibility (people can learn at ... country and requiring learners to sit in a classroom for a set number of hours. • Improved control and standardization. In today’s interna- tional business climate, many organizations hav...

Ngày tải lên: 03/06/2014, 02:04