Báo cáo toán học: "An Introduction to q -Species" doc

... not q- counting ordinary combinatorial structures but counting structures associated to vector spaces over the field of order q. Second, a q- species is a functor from a category of vector spaces to ... λ i ∈ F q .Then D = E ◦ F where F is the q- species defined F[V ]=  F q , if dim V =1, ∅, otherwise. Then  F(x)= q q − 1 x  D(x)=exp  q q − 1 x   D(x)= 1 (1 − x) q . Exam...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 13:21

... h n−1 − q 2 f α = ( q 2 − r) f, h 1 − q 2 f, h 2 − q 2 f, . . . , h n−1 − q 2 f α ≤ (q 2 − q 1 ) f, h 1 − q 2 f, h 2 − q 2 f, . . . , h n−1 − q 2 f α = q 1 f − q 2 f, h 1 − q 2 f, h 2 − q 2 f, ... Ψ (q 2 f), Ψ(h 2 ) − Ψ (q 2 f), . . . , Ψ(h n−1 ) − Ψ (q 2 f) β = Ψ(rf) − Ψ (q 2 f), Ψ(h 1 ) − Ψ (q 2 f), Ψ(h 2 ) − Ψ (q 2 f), . . . , Ψ(h n−1 ) − Ψ (q 2 f)...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 21:20

... Let A i (q) =  π∈A i q a(π) . Clearly, C n (q) = n  i=1 A i (q) . Then to understand the q- Catalan recurrence, it is necessary to understand why A i (q) =q i−1 C i−1 (q) C n−i (q) . Since a path in A i first touches the diagonal at (i, i), it must go from (0, 1) to ... that C n (q) = n  i=1 q i−1 C i−1 (q) C n−i (q) . To visualize this recurrence, use notation simila...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 06:22

... clique in H m p , the construction gives m-colorings of the edges of K p and K m(p+1) with the orders of the maximum monochromatic cliques equal to α and α + 1, respectively. In the case of quadratic ... Journal of Combinatorics, #R35, 11(1) (2004), 24 pages, http://www.combinatorics.org. the electronic journal of combinatorics 16 (2009), #N1 5 An Improvement to Mathon’s Cyclotomic Ramsey...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 21:21

... traditionnelles, qui tendent à simplifier outrageusement la partie plante du système, nous pré- sentons quelque démarches nouvelles et prometteuses. Ces derniers modèles illustrent bien les progrès que l’on ... impliqués, ainsi que leurs rôles interactifs, à plusieurs niveaux d’organisation dans le temps et dans l’espace. Aussi, nous défendons une approche systémique, utilisant la modélisatio...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 14:22

... (4) For each v ∈ V (H), |R v |≤ |Q v |. If not, { u | (u, v) ∈ Q v }∪{u j | (j, v) /∈ R v } is a dominating set of G with cardinality |Q v | +(γ(G) −|R v |)=γ(G) − (|R v |− |Q v |) <γ(G), and we have ... observation shows that N =  v∈V (H) |R v |≤  v∈V (H) |Q v | = |D|. (5) It follows from (4) and (5) that γ(G)γ(H) −|D|≤N ≤|D|, and the desired inequality (2) follows. References [...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 06:20

... ,a (2) k } is a subsequence of S. Now we distribute the terms of S into k subsets A 1 ,A 2 , ,A k . At first, we put a (1) j into A j for 1 ≤ j ≤ l and a (1) j ,a (2) j into A j for l<j≤ k. ... theorem. EGZ Theorem If S is a sequence of elements from Z n of length 2n− 1, then 0 ∈  n S. The inverse problem to EGZ Theorem is how to describe the structure of a sequence S in Z n with 0 ∈...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 13:21

... Shieber, 1986: An introduction to unification based ap- proaches to grammar. CSLI 1988. E Torrego, 1984: "On Inversion in Spanish and Some of Its Effects", I, inguistic Inquiry 15, ... the comp -to- comp movement. Although other approaches, such as direct movement, are feasible too, we win adhere to the comp -to- comp approach. Data from Spanish (Torrego 1984) als...

Ngày tải lên: 18/03/2014, 02:20

... example: (5a) She read a lot tonight. (5b) She always read a lot. (Or She used to read a lot.) Yet, such expressions are not easy to capture automatically. In order to use the information expressed ... data used in the experiments consisted of 23 stories split into a training set (14 stories) and a testing set (9 stories). Each clause of every story was annotated by the author of this p...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 03:20

... E 0 j is E 00 j E tot þ E ¼ E 0 j E tot or e 00 j ¼ e 0 j Therefore, and e 0 k À e k ¼ E 00 k E tot þ E À E k E tot As we have E 00 j ¼ E j þ b kj E 00 k À E k  summing for j ¼ 1ton,weget E tot þ E ¼ E tot þ ... quite rigid constraint on total e nzyme concen- tration, because we considered E tot as a constant. It would be more appropriate to consider that the quantity o f protein the cell...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 15:20