bailey s industrial oil and fat products sixth edition phần 2 ppt

... methanolysis but for waste fats, alterna- tive processes that do not use base catalysis may be preferred. Lipase catalyzed methanolysis is less sensitive to fatty acid and water in the oil and has been ... has been extensively reviewed (19, 22 , 23 ). Biodiesel is produced on the industrial scale by methanolysis of vegetable oils (usually rape or soybean) or waste fat, particularly...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 13:22

... <1.5 palm 26 8 29 5 190 20 9 50–55 <1.3 palm kernel 22 1 24 4 23 0 25 4 14 21 <1 rape ÃÃÃ 29 1–308 1 82 193 110– 126 <0 .2 sesame 28 8–300 187–195 104– 120 < ;2 soybean 28 8 29 7 189–195 124 –139 <1.5 sunflower ... 9c12c15c linseed 20 :1 13c high erucic rape 20 :5 5c8c11c14c17c fish and animal fats 22 :6 4c7c10c13c16c19c fish and animal fats TABLE 1. Fatty Acids i...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 13:22

... GC-MS analysis is used to locate double bonds. Partial hydrogenation with hydrazine does not isomerize unreacted double bonds and is useful for structural analysis of polyenes and was recently used ... consumption and byproducts. Ozonolysis is a clean reaction, carried out at low temperatures without catalyst. However, ozone is toxic and unstable, as are the intermediates. Industrial...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 13:22

... acids used as feedstock. Model reactions use single fatty acids, often mono- enes with particular double-bond positions. Large-scale use of these reactions needs oils rich in single fatty acids ... homologues leading to oleo- chemicals with chain lengths outside the C 16 –C 22 range of most commodity oils. Methyl oleate reacts with hex-3-ene, in large excess to suppress self-metathesis and...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 13:22

... techniques that can be used to help assess product safety and support the development of products and processes that are of essentially low risk (EPSRC, 1999). To meet these needs, a new British Standard, ... 1.16 Designer&apos ;s responsibility for mechanical failures (designer&apos ;s share is shaded) (Larsson et al., 1971) How and why products fail 19 strength (most signi®cant...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 15:21

... bone as a distinct tissue. In a sense, classical and PBK models work in opposite directions. In classical descriptive kinetics, model compartments having no necessary relationship to actual tissue ... that are also tetrahydropyridines have been speculated to be causative agents in Parkinson s disease in the elderly. Phase I; Hydrolyses Hydrolysis reactions are catalyzed by esterases and...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 16:20

... items as salespersons' salaries and commissions, advertising and promotion, travel and entertainment, office payroll and expenses, and executives' salaries. SG&A expenses do not ... price stability. Many investors prefer buying only seasoned issues instead of new securities that have not stood the test of time. SEASONED ISSUE securities (usually from established comp...

Ngày tải lên: 22/07/2014, 04:21

... enter orders into the NSTS computer system, along with specialists' bids and offers, which matches and clears orders back to brokers. The NSTS contains some of the features envisioned for ... with its existing resources. See also CAPACITY. CAPITALASSET long-term asset that is not bought or sold in the normal course of business. Generally speaking, the term includes FIXED ASSETSla...

Ngày tải lên: 22/07/2014, 04:21

... real-life results and issues • The components of these sessions should include: • Human Resource Planning. This discussion should focus on how training is linked with: PAGE 21 10916$ $CH2 10 -21 -04 ... managers includes and stresses coaching and mentoring responsibilities. • Job design and organization divisions must be reviewed regularly to ensure that staff members understand th...

Ngày tải lên: 22/07/2014, 22:22

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Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 05:20