Sound Patterns of Spoken English phần 1 pdf
Sound Patterns of Spoken English phần 1 pdf
... 9 1. 1.5 Have we captured the meaning of ‘phonology’? 10 1. 1.6 Influence of phonology on phonetics 10 1. 1.7 Back to basics 11 1. 2 Fast Speech? 11 1. 3 Summary 13 2 Processes in Conversational English ... 12 45.3 .1 Speech synthesis 12 55.3.2 Speech recognition 12 55.4 Summary 12 6Bibliography 12 7Index 14 2Contents vii Sound Patterns of Spoken English Linda Shockey Sound Patterns of Spoken English Setting ... English 14 2 .1 The Vulnerability Hierarchy 14 2 .1. 1 Frequency 14 2 .1. 2 Discourse 16 2 .1. 3 Rate? 17 2 .1. 4 Membership in a linguistic unit 18 2 .1. 5 Phonetic/Phonological 18 2 .1. 6 Morphological 19 Chapter...
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Sound Patterns of Spoken English phần 10 pdf
... 56, 11 6Dressler, W. U. 51, 53, 56, 11 3, 11 4, 11 7, 12 0drift 11 7Durham 63–4Dutch 11 1ease of articulation 3, 7Edinburgh 20, 37electropalatography (EPG) 18 ,28, 75–80, 86Elliot, D. 11 6Elman, ... 61 late recognition, gatingexperiments 95–6laterals, schwa absorption 22–3Latin 11 2, 11 4, 11 7laxing 11 6Lea, W. 12 6Legum, S. 11 6Lehiste, I. 29, 93, 10 4lenition 27, 28–9, 66, 11 2 13 , 11 4double ... 11 0applications 11 1 17 constraints-based approach to5–6, 9, 12 , 13 , 61 4directionality of change 11 5distinguishing from phonetics8–9influence on phonetics 10 11 meanings of 4–6, 10 or phonetics 3 11 in...
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Sound Patterns of Spoken English phần 8 pdf
... (19 72), to teach English as spoken by native English speakers. Though many foreign visitors speak English reasonably comprehensibly, they cannot understand it. She cites anarticle in a 19 71 English ... resemble the book at all’, gated in stages of approxi-mately 50 msec. (a total of 33 stimuli), was presented to 16 non-native speakers of English. A reminder of the phonetic transcriptionfollows:[ÎvcskflHmply}d}dÚfl}z*mb<ÎvcbäkvtcÑÕ]All ... wordApplications 11 95.2.2 Second language acquisitionFor a 19 -year-old Dutch undergraduate who, after 6 years of Eng-lish at a grammar school and after a whole year of studying English at a Dutch...
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Sound Patterns of Spoken English phần 9 pot
... Performance, 13 , 11 3– 21. Cutler, A., Dahan, D. and van Donselaar, W. (19 97) Prosody in the com-prehension of spoken language: A literature review. Language and Speech,40, 14 1–2 01. Cutler, A., ... Hamlet, S. (19 82) Variations in jaw and tongue gesturesobserved during the production of unstressed /d/s and flaps. Journal of Phonetics, 10 , 4 01 15 .Sussman, H. M. (19 91) An investigation of locus ... [s] to [S] assimilationin English. Journal of Phonetics, 24, 11 3–37.Nolan, F., Wright, S. and Kerswill, P. (19 91) End of EPSRC Award ReportR0002 310 56.Bibliography 12 7BibliographyAl-Tamimi...
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Sound Patterns of Spoken English phần 7 doc
... achieved by alittle bit of each of these, a moderate amount of any two of these,or a lot of one. Massaro’s model allows for tradeoffs of this sortas well as tradeoffs involving different sensory ... (or family of models) of speech perception (Marslen-Wilson and Welsh, 19 78; Cole andJakimik, 19 78; Cutler and Norris, 19 88, Norris, 19 94) assumesthat the word is the basic unit of perception ... context only, 19 per cent of all outcomes and 21 percent of all successful outcomes were late recognitions.These late recognitions were not merely an artefact of the inter-ruption of word-final...
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Sound Patterns of Spoken English phần 6 doc
... University of Cambridge, results of which appeared in a series of articles overa decade (Nolan, 19 86; Barry, 19 84, 19 85, 19 91; Wright, 19 86;Kerswill, 19 85; Kerswill and Wright, 19 89; Nolan ... 1. Papers on the importance of non-binary output to phonologicaltheory (Nolan, 19 92, Holst and Nolan, 19 95a, 19 95b) and onmodelling assimilation (Nolan and Holst, 19 96) have also comeout of ... Kerswill, 19 90;Nolan and Cobb, 19 94). Much of the research was aimed at describ-ing the accent used by natives of Cambridge, and results were oftencongruent with those reported in chapter 2 of this...
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Sound Patterns of Spoken English phần 5 docx
... goal of lookingat what is known about the processes discussed in chapter 2.4 .1 Production of Casual Speech4 .1. 1 General production studiesImpressionisticSome studies of the production of unmonitored ... six accents of British English. Lodge’s book is couched largely in terms of Dependency Pho-nology (Anderson and Jones, 19 77; Anderson and Ewen, 19 80), asis an earlier paper (19 81) in which ... reading of nonce words and non-words whichpresumably do not flourish in the lexicon as a result of lack of stimulation.In agreement (however accidental) with Stampe (19 79, 19 87),Mann (19 91: 207)...
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Sound Patterns of Spoken English phần 4 doc
... hasbeen suggested (Paradis and Prunet, 19 89, 19 91; Lodge, 19 92)that (1) can be traced to the fact that syllable-final coronals are notfully specified for place of articulation in the underlying representa-tion. ... thought of as reduc-ing or permuting this basic information, causing neutralization,deletion, or insertion of information-free segments. A common viewis expressed by Hooper (19 76: 11 1):Any ... characteristics of speech and to minimize its articu-latory difficulties (19 79: 9).For more explanation of Natural Phonology see Donegan andStampe (19 79) and Dressler (19 84).3.5 Attempts in the 19 90s3.5.1...
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Sound Patterns of Spoken English phần 3 pot
... of a trill) (Lehiste, 19 70: 13 ). Normally, the tapis a voiced sound, though a voiceless one is certainly possibleto achieve. Fox and Terbeek (19 77) found in an Am. corpus that 19 per cent of ... of jobs’ [l∞tsvcu∞bz].The ‘weak and strong forms’ of of are much more like the‘a/an’ forms of the indefinite article in English, the main differencebeing that it is not actually unheard of ... consonants is unusual. Dalby (19 84)stresses the importance of this distinction in English casual speechprocesses.In English, the type of cluster allowed is, of course, differentinitially...
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Sound Patterns of Spoken English phần 2 ppt
... chapter3) that because English alveolars are so volatile, they are theunmarked underlying stop (Paradis and Prunet, 19 89, 19 91; Lodge, 19 92; Lahiri and Marslen-Wilson, 19 91) .Membership in a syllable- ... examinedTwo facts make my point: (1) there is an International Associationfor World Englishes and (2) Wells’ Accents of English (19 82) runs tothree volumes. There are hundreds of varieties which can legitimately20 ... against our very simplistic view of ‘fast speechdeletion’ is that there are very distinct patterns of reduction inconnected speech, related to type of sound and place of occurrence.If one were simply...
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