Sound Patterns of Spoken English phần 1 pdf

... 9 1. 1.5 Have we captured the meaning of ‘phonology’? 10 1. 1.6 Influence of phonology on phonetics 10 1. 1.7 Back to basics 11 1. 2 Fast Speech? 11 1. 3 Summary 13 2 Processes in Conversational English ... 12 4 5.3 .1 Speech synthesis 12 5 5.3.2 Speech recognition 12 5 5.4 Summary 12 6 Bibliography 12 7 Index 14 2 Contents vii Sound Patterns of Spoken English...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22

... 56, 11 6 Dressler, W. U. 51, 53, 56, 11 3, 11 4, 11 7, 12 0 drift 11 7 Durham 63–4 Dutch 11 1 ease of articulation 3, 7 Edinburgh 20, 37 electropalatography (EPG) 18 , 28, 75–80, 86 Elliot, D. 11 6 Elman, ... 61 late recognition, gating experiments 95–6 laterals, schwa absorption 22–3 Latin 11 2, 11 4, 11 7 laxing 11 6 Lea, W. 12 6 Legum, S. 11 6 Lehiste, I. 29, 93, 10 4 le...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22

... (19 72), to teach English as spoken by native English speakers. Though many foreign visitors speak English reasonably comprehensibly, they cannot understand it. She cites an article in a 19 71 English ... resemble the book at all’, gated in stages of approxi- mately 50 msec. (a total of 33 stimuli), was presented to 16 non- native speakers of English. A reminder of the p...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22

... Performance, 13 , 11 3– 21. Cutler, A., Dahan, D. and van Donselaar, W. (19 97) Prosody in the com- prehension of spoken language: A literature review. Language and Speech, 40, 14 1–2 01. Cutler, A., ... Hamlet, S. (19 82) Variations in jaw and tongue gestures observed during the production of unstressed /d/s and flaps. Journal of Phonetics, 10 , 4 01 15 . Sussman, H. M. (19 91)...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22

... achieved by a little bit of each of these, a moderate amount of any two of these, or a lot of one. Massaro’s model allows for tradeoffs of this sort as well as tradeoffs involving different sensory ... (or family of models) of speech perception (Marslen-Wilson and Welsh, 19 78; Cole and Jakimik, 19 78; Cutler and Norris, 19 88, Norris, 19 94) assumes that the word is the b...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22

... University of Cambridge, results of which appeared in a series of articles over a decade (Nolan, 19 86; Barry, 19 84, 19 85, 19 91; Wright, 19 86; Kerswill, 19 85; Kerswill and Wright, 19 89; Nolan ... 1. Papers on the importance of non-binary output to phonological theory (Nolan, 19 92, Holst and Nolan, 19 95a, 19 95b) and on modelling assimilation (Nolan and Holst, 19 9...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22

... goal of looking at what is known about the processes discussed in chapter 2. 4 .1 Production of Casual Speech 4 .1. 1 General production studies Impressionistic Some studies of the production of unmonitored ... six accents of British English. Lodge’s book is couched largely in terms of Dependency Pho- nology (Anderson and Jones, 19 77; Anderson and Ewen, 19 80), as is an earl...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22

... has been suggested (Paradis and Prunet, 19 89, 19 91; Lodge, 19 92) that (1) can be traced to the fact that syllable-final coronals are not fully specified for place of articulation in the underlying representa- tion. ... thought of as reduc- ing or permuting this basic information, causing neutralization, deletion, or insertion of information-free segments. A common view is expressed...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22

... of a trill) (Lehiste, 19 70: 13 ). Normally, the tap is a voiced sound, though a voiceless one is certainly possible to achieve. Fox and Terbeek (19 77) found in an Am. corpus that 19 per cent of ... of jobs’ [l∞tsvcu∞bz]. The ‘weak and strong forms’ of of are much more like the ‘a/an’ forms of the indefinite article in English, the main difference being that it is not actually...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22

... chapter 3) that because English alveolars are so volatile, they are the unmarked underlying stop (Paradis and Prunet, 19 89, 19 91; Lodge, 19 92; Lahiri and Marslen-Wilson, 19 91) . Membership in a syllable- ... examined Two facts make my point: (1) there is an International Association for World Englishes and (2) Wells’ Accents of English (19 82) runs to three volumes. There are hu...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22