Sound Patterns of Spoken English phần 2 ppt

... World Englishes and (2) Wells’ Accents of English (19 82) runs to three volumes. There are hundreds of varieties which can legitimately 20 Processes in Conversational English be called English, ... (see Labov, 1997 for a review). 2. 2 Reduction Processes in English Experimental studies of several of these processes will be outlined in the following sections. 2. 2.1 Varieties...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22

... acquisition 52 3 Russian 92 Sankoff, D. 53 Sapir, E. 117 Sato, C. 123 Saussure, Ferdinand de 5 Schultze, W. 117 schwa absorption 22 –7 fricatives 24 –5 laterals 22 –3 liquids (syllabic ‘r’ and ‘w’) 23 –4 nasals ... J. C. 22 , 27 , 33, 36, 38, 40 Accents of English 19 20 , 109 Welsh 1 12 13 Welsh, A. 91 Whalen, D. H. 10, 75 Whorf, B. L. 92 Wichmann, A. 16 word lists 87–8, 90 word...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22

... assimilation in English. Journal of Phonetics, 24 , 113–37. Nolan, F., Wright, S. and Kerswill, P. (1991) End of EPSRC Award Report R00 023 1056. Bibliography 127 Bibliography Al-Tamimi Y. (20 02) ‘h’ variation ... Linguistics, vol. 2: case studies. John Benjamins, 21 1– 42. Bybee, J. (20 00a) The phonology of the lexicon: evidence from lexical diffusion. In Bybee, J. (20 00b) Lex...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22

... book Listening to Spoken English. Few attempts are made, she observes on her first page (19 72) , to teach English as spoken by native English speakers. Though many foreign visitors speak English reasonably ... documents, long after the extinction of the substratum in question’ (Dressler, 19 72: 22 9). 5 .2 First and Second Language Acquisition 5 .2. 1 First language acquisition...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22

... achieved by a little bit of each of these, a moderate amount of any two of these, or a lot of one. Massaro’s model allows for tradeoffs of this sort as well as tradeoffs involving different sensory ... artefact of the inter- ruption of word-final coarticulation. Approximately 35 per cent of them were identified not at the presentation of the next word, but later still. The m...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22

... .00 52 000000 00000000 00000000 00. . . . .0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00. . . . 00 22 0 00 . .0 . 000. . . .0 0. . . .0 00. . . . .0 22 3 00 0 0 0 22 1 000.0. 0000.000 0 0 0 22 2 000.0. 00. ... understand the perceptual tradeoff between duration and frequency of F2. Tapping Zue and Laferriere (1979) looked at read tokens of medial /t, d/ in various environments in Am...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22

... goal of looking at what is known about the processes discussed in chapter 2. 4.1 Production of Casual Speech 4.1.1 General production studies Impressionistic Some studies of the production of unmonitored ... several dif- ferent accents of British English and is in the process of developing a composite phonological theory. Lodge (1984) assumes ‘that Eng- lish is subject to a nu...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22

... that’ aÕÕvz Cov. ‘well, there’s’ 2. 5 .2 h-dropping This is a process which varies considerably from accent to accent of English Most of the accents represented here show reduction of /h/ when it is in a ... probabilities of application of a particular rule are a feature of an accent group rather than an individual. The relationship between the language behaviour of a commun...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22

... (2) voicing through and (3) reduction of closure, as mentioned above. 2. 4.3 CVCV alternation Reduction shrinks consonant clusters: some phonological processes of English reduce the adjacency of ... of jobs’ [l∞tsvcu∞bz]. The ‘weak and strong forms’ of of are much more like the ‘a/an’ forms of the indefinite article in English, the main difference being that it is not actually...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22

... Factor 20 2. 3.1 Schwa absorption 22 2. 3 .2 Reduction of closure for obstruents 27 2. 3.3 Tapping 29 2. 3.4 Devoicing and voicing 30 2. 4 Syllabic Conditioning Factors 32 2.4.1 Syllable shape 32 2.4 .2 ... recognition 125 5.4 Summary 126 Bibliography 127 Index 1 42 Contents vii Sound Patterns of Spoken English Linda Shockey Sound Patterns of Spoken Engli...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22