sound patterns of spoken english phần 1 pdf

... University of Florida. He says shark attacks increased during the past century for a good reason. Hundreds of millions of people now use the world's oceans, more than in the past. 1 Professor ... Griffith 11 This week, we tell about a discovery of gorillas in... Doughty Read and listen to our programs at voaspecialenglish.com Listen again next week for more news about science, in Special English, ... about science in Special English on the Voice of America This is SCIENCE IN THE NEWS in VOA Special English I’m Barbara... voaspecialenglish.com I'm Jim Tedder 17 This is SCIENCE IN THE

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 09:20

... letter of condolence & letters of sympathy (Thư chia buồn & thư bày tỏ thái độ thông cảm) -phần3 LETTERS OF SYMPATHY IN CASE OF ILLNESS (THƯ TỎ THÁI ĐỘ THÔNG CẢM VỚI NGƯỜI BỆNH) Phần ... quan sát phần thư dưới đây: Cathedral Avenue, Garden City, L. I. December 9, 19 12. My dear Mrs. Alderman: In Raleigh the other day I heard a rumor of the sad ... serious permanent hurt. Some of them live here. More of them live in North Carolina or Colorado as a precaution. I saw a few years ago a town most of whose population of several thousand persons

Ngày tải lên: 12/07/2014, 01:20

... Technology 0-948549-96-3 1- 9 016 59-27-5 0-948549-97 -1 1-9 016 59 -11 -9 1- 9 016 59-60-7 1- 903856-23-X 1- 9 016 59-68-2 0-948549-75-0 1- 9 016 59- 21- 6 1- 9 016 59-48-8 1- 9 016 59-47-X 1- 9 016 59-06-2 1- 9 016 59-64-X 0-948549-27-0 ... Answers 98 Pages 1, 2,4 99 Pages 6, 7 10 0 Pages 8, 9, 10 , 12 , 13 10 1 Pages 14 , 16 , 17 10 2 Pages 18 , 19 , 20, 22 10 3 —- Pages 24, 25, 26 10 4 Pages 27, 28 10 5 Page 30, 32, 33, 34 10 6 Page 36, ... 0-948549-78-5 1- 9 016 59-22-4 0-948549-66 -1 1-9 016 59-30-5 1- 9 016 59-50-X 1- 9 016 59-04-6 0-948549-74-2 0-948549-89-0 0-948549-40-8 0-948549-79-3 0-948549-88-2 1- 9 016 59-43-7 0-948549-68-8 0-948549-73-4 1- 9 016 59-45-3

Ngày tải lên: 23/07/2014, 19:21

... 11 2 5.5 China s Savings (19 91 19 95) 11 4 5.6 Bank Loans in China (19 80 19 97) 11 5 5.7 Bank Loans in the United States (19 80 19 95) 11 6 5.8 Bank Assets (19 80 19 97) 11 8 ... (19 86 19 94) 12 0 5 .10 Bank Deposits in China (19 80 19 97) 12 1 5 .11 Bank Deposits in the United States (19 80 19 95) 12 2 6 .1 U.S Trade Deficit with China (19 85 19 97) 13 ... Index (19 81 19 96) 95 4 .13 Japan s Labor Productivity (19 60 19 96) 96 5 .1 Foreign Direct Investment in China (19 83 19 97) 10 9 5.2 Foreign Trade in China (19 50 19 95) 11 0 5.3

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 20:22

... permission of the publisher. TABLE OF CONTENTS ERECTION BRACING OF LOW RISE STRUCTURAL STEEL BUILDINGS 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1 .1 Types of Systems 1 1.2 Current State of the Art 1 1.3 Common Fallacies ... 10 4.2 Column Bases 11 4.2 .1 Fracture of the Fillet Weld Connecting the Column to the Base Plate 11 4.2.2 Bending Failure of the Base Plate 13 4.2.3 Rupture of Anchor Rods 15 4.2.4 Buckling of ... Rods 15 4.2.5 Anchor Rod Pull or Push Through . 16 4.2.6 Anchor Rod Pull Out 16 4.2.7 Anchor Rod "Push Out" of the Bottom of the Footing 17 4.2.8 Pier Bending Failure 18

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 13:20

... Elements (1) u1 u (1) 2 (2) u1 1 (1) f1 1 u(2) 2 2 2 k1 f (1) 2 f (2) 2 2 3 k2 (a) f (2) 3 (b) (1) f1 F1 f (1) ϩ f (2) 2 2 1 2 f (2) 3 F2 (d) (c) F3 (e) Figure 2.3 Free-body diagrams of elements ... .12 )    (2)  0 −k2 k2 U3 f 3 The addition of Equations 2 .11 and 2 .12 yields k1 −k1 0 −k1 k1 + k2 −k2 0 −k2 k2 U1 U2 U3 =      f (1) 1 f (1) + f (2) 2 2 f (2) 3      (2 .13 ... [...]... facts that element 1 is not connected to node 3 and element 2 is not connected to node 1) :  (1)  f 1  U1 k1 −k1 0   U2 = f (1) −k1 k1 0 (2 .11 )  2    0 0 0 0 0  

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 17:20

... The usage of most of the tools is discussed in this book, and all are described in the readme file for the. .. Image Tones 11 1 Snapping and Fading Contrast with Curves 1 14 (Un)Sharpening ... Boosting Contrast 11 7 Managing Image Noise 1 24 Masking with Image Tone 12 7 Soft Focus Effects Using Masking 13 3 Shaping Image Elements with Light and Shadow ■ 1 04 Redistributing ... recorder 8K (6 × 9cm) 546 1 × 819 2 pixels Total pixels 1 2 Table 1. 1 Approximate Resolution for Various Media ■ 7 8 ■ chapter 1: Resolution: The Cornerstone of Image Detail... about

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 12:21

... of Internet Application Architecture Items to Test in Each Tier 97 98 99 10 0 10 4 10 6 11 1 11 3 11 5 11 8 11 9 12 4 12 6 12 7 13 1 14 1 15 1 15 3 15 4 16 1 16 2 16 3 16 ... 2 16 3 16 5 16 6 18 0 18 7 18 9 19 5 19 9 202 203 Preface I n 19 79, Glenford Myers published a book that turned out to be a classic Myers’s original The Art of Software Testing ... the process of demonstrating that... where the length of one side is equal to the sum of the lengths of the other two sides (for example, 1, 2,3; 1, 3,2; and 3 ,1, 2)? 9 Do you

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 16:20

... fall of 18 18 to $12 million in January, 18 19 , and to $10 million by January, 18 20 Of this amount, notes outstanding of the Bank fell from a peak of $10 million in early 18 18 , ... year of 18 15 , and of $65 million for the fiscal year 18 16 Agricultural produce accounted for $14 million of the $19 million increase in domestic exports from 18 15 to 18 16 Agricultural... ... Congress, Annals of Congress of the United States, 17 th Congress, 1st Session (18 21- 22), March 12 , 18 22, pp 12 81- 97; Washington (D.C.) National Intelligencer, July 24, 18 19 ; Thomas

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 19:22

... Behavior of Stock-Market Prices Eugene F. Fama The Journal of Business, Vol. 38, No. 1. (Jan., 19 65), pp. 34 -10 5. Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=00 21- 9398%2 819 65 01% 2938%3A1%3C34%3ATBOSP%3E2.0.CO%3B2-6 ... pro- vided empirical evidence in support of the Gaussian hypothesis. Moore [ 41, pp. 11 6-2 31 graphed the weekly first differ- ences of log price of eight NYSE common stocks on normal probability ... of the logs of cotton prices for increasing sample sizes of from 1 to 1, 300... the distribution of the individual summands Most simply, stability means that the values of

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 20:20

... 11 3 III The Reappearance of Cycles 11 6 Metallic Standard Fluctuations 11 6 Infrequent Recurrences of Paper Money Inflations 11 7 The Cyclical Process of Credit Expansions 11 9 ... CONSEQUENCES OF CHEAP MONEY (19 46) 19 1 I The Unpopularity of Interest 19 1 II The Two Classes of Credit 19 2 III The Function of Prices, Wage Rates, and Interest Rates 19 5 IV The Effects of ... Stabilization 15 1 International Complications 15 2 The Future 15 3 3—THE CAUSES OF THE ECONOMIC CRISIS (19 31) 15 5 I The Nature and Role of the Market 15 5 The Marxian “Anarchy of Production”

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 20:20

... 5 .1. 1 5 .1. 2 5.2 Writ small in English, writ large in other languages Historical phonology 80 89 89 93 10 4 10 9 11 1 11 1 11 1 11 3 11 7 5.2 .1 5.2.2 5.3 First and Second Language Acquisition 11 7 11 9 ... http://www.blackwellpublishing.com Contents List of Figures and Tables Preface ix x Setting the Stage 1. 1 Phonetics or Phonology? 1. 1 .1 1 .1. 2 1. 1.3 1. 1.4 1. 1.5 1. 1.6 1. 1.7 More mind than body (fossils again) ... of ‘phonology’? Influence of phonology on phonetics Back to basics 7 10 10 11 1. 2 Fast Speech? 11 1. 3 Summary 13 Processes in Conversational English 2 .1 14 The Vulnerability Hierarchy 14 2 .1. 1...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22

... change 11 5 in rule order 54–6 Dirksen, A 61 discourse 13 , 15 , 16 17 Docherty, G 68, 78 Donegan, P 56, 11 6 Dressler, W U 51, 53, 56, 11 3, 11 4, 11 7, 12 0 drift 11 7 Durham 63–4 Dutch 11 1 Elliot, D 11 6 ... borrowing 11 5 17 brain, and articulation 12 , 58–9 Brazilian Portuguese 11 2 Breton 11 3 Browman, C 22, 26, 58–9, 91 Brown, G 1, 17 , 28, 35, 73, 74, 78, 10 3, 12 2, 12 4 Listening to Spoken English 11 9 Bryan, ... applications 11 1 17 constraints-based approach to 5–6, 9, 12 , 13 , 61 4 directionality of change 11 5 distinguishing from phonetics 8–9 influence on phonetics 10 11 meanings of –6, 10 or phonetics 11 in...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22

... (19 72), to teach English as spoken by native English speakers Though many foreign visitors speak English reasonably comprehensibly, they cannot understand it She cites an article in a 19 71 English ... positive Applications 11 9 5.2.2 Second language acquisition For a 19 -year-old Dutch undergraduate who, after years of English at a grammar school and after a whole year of studying English at a Dutch ... direction of simplicity, naturalness, or unmarkedness Bailey (19 72: 36) says, the patterns of a language are the cumulative results of natural, unidirectional changes and (p 37) the directionality of...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22

... English Journal of Phonetics, 24, 11 3–37 Nolan, F., Wright, S and Kerswill, P (19 91) End of EPSRC Award Report R0002 310 56 13 8 Bibliography Norris, D (19 94) Shortlist: a connectionist model of ... and Performance, 13 , 11 3– 21 Cutler, A., Dahan, D and van Donselaar, W (19 97) Prosody in the comprehension of spoken language: A literature review Language and Speech, 40, 14 1–2 01 Cutler, A., Mehler, ... Glottalizaton of word-initial vowels as a function of prosodic structure Journal of Phonetics, 24, 423–44 Dinnsen, D (19 80) Phonological rules and phonetic explanation Journal of Linguistics, 16 , 17 1–91...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22

... be achieved by a little bit of each of these, a moderate amount of any two of these, or a lot of one Massaro’s model allows for tradeoffs of this sort as well as tradeoffs involving different sensory ... interpretation of input is achieved until an accumulation of cues allows one to suddenly understand the entire pattern (Sherman, 19 71 cited in Warren, 19 99) Supporting evidence comes from reports of railroad ... context only, 19 per cent of all outcomes and 21 per cent of all successful outcomes were late recognitions These late recognitions were not merely an artefact of the interruption of word-final...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22

... University of Cambridge, results of which appeared in a series of articles over a decade (Nolan, 19 86; Barry, 19 84, 19 85, 19 91; Wright, 19 86; Kerswill, 19 85; Kerswill and Wright, 19 89; Nolan ... importance of non-binary output to phonological theory (Nolan, 19 92, Holst and Nolan, 19 95a, 19 95b) and on modelling assimilation (Nolan and Holst, 19 96) have also come out of this work The majority of ... Kerswill, 19 90; Nolan and Cobb, 19 94) Much of the research was aimed at describing the accent used by natives of Cambridge, and results were often congruent with those reported in chapter of this...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22

... accents of British English and is in the process of developing a composite phonological theory Lodge (19 84) assumes ‘that English is subject to a number of widespread phonological processes Many of ... his six accents of British English Lodge’s book is couched largely in terms of Dependency Phonology (Anderson and Jones, 19 77; Anderson and Ewen, 19 80), as is an earlier paper (19 81) in which he ... reading of nonce words and non-words which presumably not flourish in the lexicon as a result of lack of stimulation In agreement (however accidental) with Stampe (19 79, 19 87), Mann (19 91: 207)...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22

... characteristics of speech and to minimize its articulatory difculties (19 79: 9) For more explanation of Natural Phonology see Donegan and Stampe (19 79) and Dressler (19 84) 3.5 Attempts in the 19 90s 3.5 .1 Autosegmental ... thought of as reducing or permuting this basic information, causing neutralization, deletion, or insertion of information-free segments A common view is expressed by Hooper (19 76: 11 1): Any word ... (Merrit, 19 10).) Contractions of not represent frozen morphology, i.e if the reductions associated with these forms were once active in English, they have now ceased to be productive Nolan (19 96: 19 )...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22

... trill) (Lehiste, 19 70: 13 ) Normally, the tap is a voiced sound, though a voiceless one is certainly possible to achieve Fox and Terbeek (19 77) found in an Am corpus that 19 per cent of taps were ... per cent of languages allow initial two-consonant clusters or per cent of languages allow nal three-consonant clusters 18 or per cent of languages allow nal two-consonant clusters 13 1 or 69 per ... initial consonants is unusual Dalby (19 84) stresses the importance of this distinction in English casual speech processes In English, the type of cluster allowed is, of course, different initially...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22