Sound Patterns of Spoken English phần 7 doc

... percept of stress may be achieved by a little bit of each of these, a moderate amount of any two of these, or a lot of one. Massaro’s model allows for tradeoffs of this sort as well as tradeoffs ... artefact of the inter- ruption of word-final coarticulation. Approximately 35 per cent of them were identified not at the presentation of the next word, but later still. The me...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22

... understand the perceptual tradeoff between duration and frequency of F2. Tapping Zue and Laferriere (1 979 ) looked at read tokens of medial /t, d/ in various environments in Am. Of 250 chosen words, half ... tongue position is generally characteristic of spontaneous speech. Docherty and Fraser (1993: 17) , based on a study of read speech containing a high percentage of alveolar a...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22

... reading of nonce words and non-words which presumably do not flourish in the lexicon as a result of lack of stimulation. In agreement (however accidental) with Stampe (1 979 , 19 87) , Mann (1991: 2 07) ... glottal reinforcement to his six accents of British English. Lodge’s book is couched largely in terms of Dependency Pho- nology (Anderson and Jones, 1 977 ; Anderson and Ewen, 1...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22

... probabilities of application of a particular rule are a feature of an accent group rather than an individual. The relationship between the language behaviour of a community and the mental grammar of an ... of language, like acquisition of other skills, is a process of suppressing some of the behaviour which is present in all normal humans. For example, young babies can and d...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22

... speech 73 Nix, A. 19, 95 Nolan, F. 47, 74 , 76 , 77 , 78 non-binary output, in phonological theory 77 normalization 67, 89 Norris, D. 91, 94 Norwich 20, 37 obstruents, devoicing of English oral 7 no ... lexicon 91–3 type of, and place of occurrence 12 sound changes, directionality of 115 prediction of 115–16 sounds, and meaning 1, 4, 68 71 Spanish 8, 112, 113, 1 17...

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... travesty of representation: phonological representation and phonetic interpretation of ATR harmony in Kalenjin. York Papers in Linguistics, 17, 77 –1 17. Local, J. and Ogden, R. (19 97) A model of timing ... Psychophysics, 61, 1 477 –500. Boersma, P. (19 97) Functional Phonology. Holland Academic Graphics. Bolozky, S. (1 977 ) Fast speech as a function of tempo in natural generative...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22

... (1 972 ), to teach English as spoken by native English speakers. Though many foreign visitors speak English reasonably comprehensibly, they cannot understand it. She cites an article in a 1 971 English ... speakers of English, students are unlikely to have had significant contact with naturally reduced speech. Brown (1 977 , 1996) uses this premise as a platform for her book Liste...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22

... of jobs’ [l∞tsvcu∞bz]. The ‘weak and strong forms’ of of are much more like the ‘a/an’ forms of the indefinite article in English, the main difference being that it is not actually unheard of ... of a trill) (Lehiste, 1 970 : 13). Normally, the tap is a voiced sound, though a voiceless one is certainly possible to achieve. Fox and Terbeek (1 977 ) found in an Am. corpus that 19 per...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22

... World Englishes and (2) Wells’ Accents of English (1982) runs to three volumes. There are hundreds of varieties which can legitimately 20 Processes in Conversational English be called English, ... Re- calling the sound of Indian, Caribbean, Singaporean and African English, it is easy to convince oneself that while many people from these areas are native speakers of English, t...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22

... Summary 126 Bibliography 1 27 Index 142 Contents vii Sound Patterns of Spoken English Linda Shockey Sound Patterns of Spoken English Setting the Stage 3 native speaker of English will agree that ... 61 3.5 .7 A synthesist 64 vi Contents 3.6 And into the New Millennium 67 3.6.1 Trace/Event theory 67 3 .7 Summary 71 4 Experimental Studies in Casual Speech 72 4.1...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22