Sound Patterns of Spoken English phần 10 pdf

... perception 89 109 directness of 91 Gestalt pattern perception 104 , 106 modelling 90–1 phonology in 93 104 psycholinguistic theories 104 10 ‘Reading’ paradigm theories 110 ‘Soup’ paradigm theories 110 theories ... 33 Sotillo, C. F. 3–4, 94 sound, and meaning, united in the mental lexicon 91–3 type of, and place of occurrence 12 sound changes, directionality of 115 predict...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22

... resemble the book at all’, gated in stages of approxi- mately 50 msec. (a total of 33 stimuli), was presented to 16 non- native speakers of English. A reminder of the phonetic transcription follows: [ÎvcskflHmply}d} d Úfl}z*mb<ÎvcbäkvtcÑÕ] All ... to teach English as spoken by native English speakers. Though many foreign visitors speak English reasonably comprehensibly, they...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22

... 126 Bibliography 127 Index 142 Contents vii Sound Patterns of Spoken English Linda Shockey Sound Patterns of Spoken English Setting the Stage 3 native speaker of English will agree that the word ‘first’ ... an embarrassing display of hubris) to attempt a recapitulation of what is known. The following books (or others of a similar nature) should be assimilated befo...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22

... (1979) An acoustic study of medial /t,d/ in American English, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 66, 103 0–50. Zwicky, A. (1972a) Note on a phonological hierararchy in English. In R. P. Stockwell ... gestures in English /P,T,K/. Proceedings of the 12th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences V, 50–3. Cruttenden, A. (2001) Gimson’s Pronunciation of English. Arn...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22

... achieved by a little bit of each of these, a moderate amount of any two of these, or a lot of one. Massaro’s model allows for tradeoffs of this sort as well as tradeoffs involving different sensory ... artefact of the inter- ruption of word-final coarticulation. Approximately 35 per cent of them were identified not at the presentation of the next word, but later still. The m...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22

... suggests that a → b, we often find, phonetically, cases of a, b, and a rainbow of intermediate stages, some of which cannot be detected by ear. They suggest that accents of the same language can ... understand the perceptual tradeoff between duration and frequency of F2. Tapping Zue and Laferriere (1979) looked at read tokens of medial /t, d/ in various environments in Am. Of 250...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22

... several dif- ferent accents of British English and is in the process of developing a composite phonological theory. Lodge (1984) assumes ‘that Eng- lish is subject to a number of widespread phonological ... the notion of preferred versus unpreferred ranking allows us the possi- bility of predicting which of the two outputs will be more frequent. This is a major improvement over...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22

... probabilities of application of a particular rule are a feature of an accent group rather than an individual. The relationship between the language behaviour of a community and the mental grammar of an ... of language, like acquisition of other skills, is a process of suppressing some of the behaviour which is present in all normal humans. For example, young babies can and d...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22

... of jobs’ [l∞tsvcu∞bz]. The ‘weak and strong forms’ of of are much more like the ‘a/an’ forms of the indefinite article in English, the main difference being that it is not actually unheard of ... loss of the habit of making the closure for the Processes in Conversational English 35 the word of as [vv] or even [wv], it is typically reduced to [v] when followed by a consonant: ‘lo...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22

... World Englishes and (2) Wells’ Accents of English (1982) runs to three volumes. There are hundreds of varieties which can legitimately 20 Processes in Conversational English be called English, ... Re- calling the sound of Indian, Caribbean, Singaporean and African English, it is easy to convince oneself that while many people from these areas are native speakers of English, t...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 12:22