The Teacher’s Grammar BookSecond Edition phần 1 ppt

... xiii 1 A Short History of Grammar 1 Agreeing on a Definition 1 Greek Beginnings 2 Grammar in Rome 5 Grammar in the Middle Ages 7 The Age of Enlightenment 9 The Age of Reason 12 Modern Grammars 15 2 ... Structure Grammar 97 From the Universal to the Particular 97 Phrase–Structure Rules 10 1 Tree Diagrams 10 7 Coordination 11 4 Progressive Verb Forms 13 0 Perfect...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 11:20

... NP 2 is the subject of the clause, the variable Y will be empty. In the event that NP 2 is the object, Y will be everything in front of the object. The diagrams 5 .11 through 5 .13 illustrate how the ... sentence 17 as consisting of the following clauses: NOAM CHOMSKY AND GRAMMAR 18 1 19 0 FIG. 5 .1. The Minimalist Program Analysis of Fred kissed Macarena. THE BASIC...

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... the expressions of the language. The theory of a particular language is its grammar. The theory of languages and the expressions they gener- ate is Universal Grammar (UG); UG is a theory of the ... Macarena hated the clothes which Fred arrived in. 70a. Macarena hated the clothes. Fred arrived in the clothes. 15 0 CHAPTER 4 5 Noam Chomsky and Grammar THE CHOMSKY REVOL...

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... analysis is the tree diagram, in which all the components are labeled and in which all the grammatical relations are easily recognizable. Compare the tree diagrams on pages 11 0 and 11 1 with their corresponding ... illustrates how the various compo - nents fit together. PHRASE STRUCTURE GRAMMAR 12 1 PHRASE STRUCTURE GRAMMAR 11 9 Sentence 20: A goon shot the ATM, so Buggsy...

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... not human. See Chomsky (19 81, 19 95, 2000), Culicover (19 99), Jackendoff (2002),Newmeyer (19 98), and Princeand Smolensky (19 93)for more onuniversal grammar. The Research on Grammar Instruction: A ... and theory suggesting that the primary focus of instruction should be on the whole essay (Callaghan, 19 78; Crowhurst & Piche, 19 79; Green, 19 73; Kerek et al., 19 80; Kinn...

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... grammaticality, 13 9 the Renaissance, 10 Thernstrom & Thernstrom, 2 41 the writer as artist, 29 theory of language, 16 2 theory of mind, 16 2 topicalization, 247 traditional grammar and prescription, 17 , ... 214 tenses number in English, 70 T-G grammar problems with, 18 2 that and which usage, 15 0, 17 9 the Bible first translations, 7, 10 the Church, 7 the five...

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... African-American students, Thernstrom and Thernstrom argued, rests in the special role of television in the life of black children and the low expectations of their parents” (p. 211 ). 218 CHAPTER 6 ition ... today than in 19 70. They actually tell much of the story of the shrinking middle class. In 19 70, the average an - nual income was $15 ,000 (Puget Sound Regional Council,...

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... illustrations: 1. The book was on the table. 2. The book was under the table. two structures coexist in the network owing to the fact that they both appear in speech. Whether a person uses one or the other ... and … can receive 10 ,000 messages at the same time”; the number of junctions may be reckoned at 10 15 —more than the number of stars in the universe” (p. 14...

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... (Combs, 19 77; Daiker, Kerek, & Morenberg, 19 78; Howie, 19 79; Pedersen, 19 78), the ap - proach had all but disappeared from teaching by the mid -19 80s. TRADITIONAL GRAMMAR 95 PHRASE STRUCTURE GRAMMAR ... Languages, Boas (19 11) lamented the fact that the descriptions were distorted by the attempt to impose traditional grammar on languages for which it was inappropr...

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... pronouns—each other and one another—which are used to referto the individual parts of aplural noun. Consider sentences 13 and 14 : 13 . The friends gave gifts to each other. 14 . The dogs looked at one another. TRADITIONAL ... that, these, those They serve to single out, highlight, or draw attention to a noun, as in sen - tences 10 , 11 , and 12 : 10 . That car is a wreck. 11 ....

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 11:20