Chapter 029 Disorders of the Eye (Part 10) potx
Chapter 029. Disorders of the Eye (Part 10) potx
... Polycythemia, thrombocythemia, or other factors leading to an underlying hypercoagulable state should be corrected; aspirin treatment may be beneficial. Figure 29-8 Chapter 029. Disorders of the ... (rather than cherry red) corresponding to the fovea and the spared patch of retina just temporal to the optic disc. Figure 29-7 urgent to recognize arteritic AION so that high doses of glucocorticoids ... confirm the diagnosis. Glucocorticoids should be started immediately, without waiting for the biopsy to be completed. The diagnosis of arteritic AION is difficult to sustain in the face of a...
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Chapter 029. Disorders of the Eye (Part 17) potx
... Chapter 029. Disorders of the Eye (Part 17) Melanoma and Other Tumors Melanoma is the most common primary tumor of the eye (Fig. 29-18). It causes photopsia, ... atrophy of retrobulbar fat, or fracture of the orbital floor. The position of the eyes within the orbits is measured using a Hertel exophthalmometer, a hand-held instrument that records the position ... to a therapeutic trial of systemic glucocorticoids indirectly provides the best confirmation of the diagnosis. When the globes appear asymmetric, the clinician must first decide which eye...
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Chapter 029. Disorders of the Eye (Part 9) potx
... Ophthalmoscopy reveals zones of whitened, edematous retina following the distribution of branch retinal arterioles. Complete occlusion of the central retinal artery produces arrest of blood flow and a ... 29-6). Emboli are composed of either cholesterol (Hollenhorst plaque), calcium, or platelet-fibrin debris. The most common source is an atherosclerotic plaque in the carotid artery or aorta, ... term refers to a transient ischemic attack of the retina (Chap. 364). Because neural tissue has a high rate of metabolism, interruption of blood flow to the retina for more than a few seconds results...
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Chapter 029. Disorders of the Eye (Part 11) potx
... Figure 29-11 Chapter 029. Disorders of the Eye (Part 11) Posterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy This is an infrequent cause of acute visual loss, induced by the combination of severe anemia ... gradual, painless, severe, central visual loss in one eye, followed weeks or months later by the same process in the other eye. Acutely, the optic disc appears mildly plethoric with surface capillary ... transfusion and reversal of hypotension. Optic Neuritis This is a common inflammatory disease of the optic nerve. In the Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial (ONTT), the mean age of patients was 32 years,...
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Chapter 029. Disorders of the Eye (Part 4) potx
... be impaired by damage to the visual system anywhere from the eyes to the occipital lobes. One can localize the site of the lesion with considerable accuracy by mapping the visual field deficit ... frequently result from disease of the macula or optic nerve. For example, patients with a history of optic neuritis often complain of color desaturation long after their visual acuity has returned ... automated printout of light thresholds, these static perimeters provide a sensitive means of detecting scotomas in the visual field. They are exceedingly useful for serial assessment of visual function...
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Chapter 029. Disorders of the Eye (Part 12) ppt
... common in people of northern European descent. Their diagnosis is obvious when they are visible as glittering particles upon the surface of the optic disc. However, in many patients they are hidden ... beneath the surface, producing pseudo-papilledema. It is important to recognize optic disc drusen to avoid an unnecessary evaluation for papilledema. Chapter 029. Disorders of the Eye (Part ... fulminant papilledema. Optic Disc Drusen These are refractile deposits within the substance of the optic nerve head (Fig. 29-13). They are unrelated to drusen of the retina, which occur in age-related...
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Chapter 029. Disorders of the Eye (Part 14) pps
... Chapter 029. Disorders of the Eye (Part 14) Stroke This occurs when interruption of blood supply from the posterior cerebral artery to the visual cortex is prolonged. The only ... viewing light reflected from the fundus with an ophthalmoscope or by examining the dilated eye using the slit lamp. The only treatment for cataract is surgical extraction of the opacified lens. Over ... cataracts develop slowly as a result of aging, leading to gradual impairment of vision. The formation of cataract occurs more rapidly in patients with a history of ocular trauma, uveitis, or diabetes...
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Chapter 029. Disorders of the Eye (Part 16) pps
... Chapter 029. Disorders of the Eye (Part 16) Central Serous Chorioretinopathy This primarily affects males between the ages of 20 and 50. Leakage of serous fluid from the choroid ... by administration of panretinal laser photocoagulation at the appropriate point in the evolution of the disease. For further discussion of the manifestations and management of diabetic retinopathy, ... detachment of the retinal pigment epithelium and the neurosensory retina. These detachments produce acute or chronic symptoms of metamorphopsia and blurred vision when the macula is involved. They...
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Chapter 029. Disorders of the Eye (Part 18) ppt
... weakness), or a family history of ptosis should be sought. Fluctuating ptosis that worsens late in the day is typical of myasthenia gravis. Chapter 029. Disorders of the Eye (Part 18) Orbital ... limitation of motility. The width of the palpebral fissures is measured in primary gaze to quantitate the degree of ptosis. The ptosis will be underestimated if the patient compensates by lifting the ... drooping of the eyelid. Unilateral or bilateral ptosis can be congenital, from dysgenesis of the levator palpebrae superioris, or from abnormal insertion of its aponeurosis into the eyelid....
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