Chapter 045 Azotemia and Urinary Abnormalities (Part 4) pps

... prognosis, and treatment. Hematuria without RBC casts can also be an indication of glomerular disease, and this evaluation is summarized in Fig. 45-2. Figure 45-2 Chapter 045. Azotemia and Urinary ... Azotemia and Urinary Abnormalities (Part 4) POSTRENAL AZOTEMIA Urinary tract obstruction accounts for <5% of cases of acute renal failure, but it is...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... renal disease: Clearance, urinalysis and renal biopsy, in Brenner & Rector's The Kidney, 7th ed, Chapter 045. Azotemia and Urinary Abnormalities (Part 8) Approach to the patient ... reabsorption and indirectly reduces the responsiveness of the tubule to aldosterone. Usually, the Na losses are mild, and the obligatory urine output is <2 L/d (resolving ATN...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... with sulfosalicylic or trichloracetic acids. Currently, ultrasensitive Chapter 045. Azotemia and Urinary Abnormalities (Part 5) Approach to the patient with hematuria. RBC, red blood cell; ... by total urinary tract obstruction, total renal artery or vein occlusion, and shock (manifested by severe hypotension and intense renal vasoconstriction). Cortical necrosis, AT...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... Chapter 045. Azotemia and Urinary Abnormalities (Part 2) Assessment of Glomerular Filtration Rate Monitoring the GFR is important in both the hospital and outpatient settings, and ... products (azotemia) such as urea and creatinine. Azotemia may result from reduced renal perfusion, intrinsic renal disease, or postrenal processes (ureteral obstruction; see below...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... including tubule obstruction (cast nephropathy) and light chain deposition. Hypoalbuminemia in nephrotic syndrome occurs through excessive urinary losses and increased proximal tubule catabolism of ... population, and isolated hematuria is more likely to be "idiopathic" or associated with a congenital anomaly. Hematuria with pyuria and bacteriuria is typical of infect...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... Mild azotemia Mild Chap. 282 Chapter 045. Azotemia and Urinary Abnormalities (Part 1) Harrison's Internal Medicine > Chapter 45. Azotemia and Urinary Abnormalities Azotemia and ... nephritis Hematuria, RBC casts Azotemia, oliguria Edema, Proteinuria Pyuria Circulatory congestion Chap. 277 nocturia, urinary retention Slowing of...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... series of neural and humoral responses that include activation of the sympathetic nervous and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone systems and ADH release. GFR is maintained by prostaglandin-mediated ... discussed below). The urinalysis and urinary electrolytes can be useful in distinguishing prerenal azotemia from ATN (Table 45-2). The urine of patients with prerenal azotemia can...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... cellular casts and RBCs may be seen in smoldering processes such as chronic glomerulonephritis. ABNORMALITIES OF URINE VOLUME Chapter 045. Azotemia and Urinary Abnormalities (Part 7) Isolated ... the urine volume is >3 L/d and urine osmolality is >300 mosmol/L, then a solute diuresis is clearly present and a search for the responsible solute(s) is mandator...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... pulmonary artery hypertension. An enlarged cardiac silhouette suggests a Chapter 033. Dyspnea and Pulmonary Edema (Part 4) Approach to the Patient: Dyspnea (Fig. 33-3) In obtaining a history, ... present at rest and for oxygen saturation. A "picture" of the patient while symptomatic may be worth thousands of dollars in laboratory tests. Following the history and...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... knee Chapter 016. Back and Neck Pain (Part 4) The neurologic examination includes a search for focal weakness or muscle atrophy, focal reflex changes, diminished sensation in the legs, and ... strength during muscle testing. Breakaway weakness may be due to pain or a combination of pain and underlying true weakness. Breakaway weakness without pain is due to lack of effort...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 08:20