... Following theappearance of transgenic insect- resistant crop species in the late 1980s, geneti-cally engineered, Bt toxin-producing corn, cotton, soybeans, and potatoes havereplaced nontransgenic varieties ... labora-tory experiment with sex-linked mutant genes in Drosophila melanogaster(Peterson and Merrell 1983), mutant and wild-male phenotypes exhibited aboutthe same viability, but mutant males ... stages.Predation also can be greater on hosts feeding on particular plant species, com-pared to other plant species, based on differential toxin sequestration, or preda-tor attraction to plant volatiles...