Stephens & Foraging - Behavior and Ecology - Chapter 12 docx

... feeding behaviors and heritable phenotypes. And the strategies and behaviors of others influence the optimal combinations of behaviors and morphology. We need game theory to analyze the evolu- tion ... between foraging behavior, phenotypic evolution, and community structure. BOX 12. 1 Isolegs and Isodars The ideal free distribution (IFD) of Fretwell and Lucas (1969) provides...

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... herbivore foraging behavior, we must under- stand the dynamics of plant growth. We need to become experts, not just on animal behavior, but also on plant growth and metabolism (or find someone who isand ... students of foraging behavior were interested in foraging behavior because they thought it would yield a deeper understanding of predator-prey dynamics. They thought we could...

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... trade-offs between foraging and mortality followed the same basic function. Foraging in the Face of Danger 329 9 .12 Suggested Readings Current issues of journals in animal behavior and ecology provide ... to reduce danger. To begin this chapter, I examine why foraging gain and danger are gen- erally linked, and I build a life history framework for modeling foraging and...

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... prob- lems within behavioral ecology, spurred on by a long-standing interest in sex- ual signaling and other forms of communication (Dall and Johnstone 2002), that may reinvigorate interest in foraging ... general explana- tion for animals’ strong preference for immediacy. In an alternative approach, Stephens and colleagues (Stephens 2002; Ste- phens and Anderson 2001; Stephens...

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... the long-term rate of patch encounter will control patch exploitation patterns, and that travel time patterns such as “long-short-long- short-long-short . . . ” will give the same long-term encounter ... interactions. 2.7 The Behavioral Ecology of Information and Cognition Information problems connect behavioral ecology with basic behavioral mech- anisms such as learning, memory, and...

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... agonist that most effectively mim- ics the effect of glutamate, including the NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspar- tic acid) receptor and the AMPA (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl- 4- isoxazoleproprionate) receptor. Neuropil ... maze, and choice by primates among concealed food sites are all components of natural foraging, or very similar to components of natural foraging. It is no accident that feed...

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... without ap- parent trial -and- error learning. Although pulling and stepping may be an in- nate motor pattern in birds (see review in Thorpe 1963), several ravens never Cognition for Foraging 125 concentration). ... stimulus. In an experiment that combined a delayed matching-to-sample and a delay- ed symbolicmatching-to-sample procedure, pigeonslearned to forgeta previ- ously presente...

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... instance, that plug-flow reactors outper- form bothbatch and continuous-flow, stirred-tank reactorsfor a givenreactor volumeand when reactionsarecatalytic, but continuous-flow,stirred-tankre- actors outperform ... some in- vertebrates, including hydras and coelenterates; plug-flow reactors are ana- logues for the tubular guts found in most multicellular invertebrates and vertebrates; and...

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... understand the selective forces that have shaped energy storage and expenditure strategies. Such models have become standard in evolutionary and behavioral ecology (Stephens and Krebs 1986; Mangel and ... spent on foraging and resting (“stopovers”) before and between migratory flights (Hedenstr ¨ om and Alerstam 1997). Migra- tion can therefore be seen largely as a foraging...

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... acquisition to un- derstand the diversity of provisioning behavior. Like the rest of behavioral ecology, provisioning models emphasize costs and benefits, and they ask how costs and benefits select ... accommodate rate-maximizing and efficiency-maximizing behavior within a single frame- work. Few studies have tested this critical prediction. (Figures 8.1 and 8.2 show measured beh...

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