anatomy and physiology chapter 12 the central nervous system

... or genomic deletion of the CCR1 gene [22], reduces clinical disease. Taken together, the results of the present study and from previous ones on the role of CCR1 and its ligand CCL3 in the pathogenesis ... chemokine receptors CCR1, CCR2 and CCR5 are critical for the recruitment of mononuclear phagocytes to the central nervous system (CNS) in multiple sclerosis (MS) and other neuroinflammatory diseases. Mononuclear ... crucial for the understanding of therapeutic modulation and the validation of CCR1, CCR2 and CCR5 as feasible targets for therapeutic intervention in MS. Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... Constitutive NOSs are most important in the initial generation of NO in the central nervous system (CNS), and therefore NO is important for intracellular signaling and neurotransmission [1, 11]. Besides its ... hematoxylin. Magnification A and B, ì 66. C and D, ì 132. Immunohistochmical study of nitric oxide synthase in the central nervous system of goat 79 Enhanced expression of nNOS and iNOS in L . mon oc ytogenes -infected ... endothelial NOS (eNOS), and inducible NOS (iNOS) [13]. In the central nervous system tissues, all major NOS isoforms are either constitutively expressed or induced by the appropriate stimuli...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 14:23

... wrote the initial draft. WY drew the pictures. WZ revised the draft. SL described the MRI features. GL provided the pathological diagnosis. TJ was the surgeon and gave the final approval of the ... of the central nervous system: initial and follow-up MR features. Neuroradiology 2009, 51:651-659. 12. Ay H, Sahin G, Saatci I, Söylemezoğlu F, Saribaş O: Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous ... Vasculitis of the nervous system. Curr Opin Neurol 2004, 17:317-336. 16. Calabrese LH, Furlan AJ, Gragg LA, Ropos TJ: Primary angiitis of the central nervous system: diagnostic criteria and clinical...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 02:20

... cen- tral nervous system to support the PHM activity and that it predates the emergence of Plathelminthes in the evolutionary history. Abbreviations AsA, ascorbic acid; CNS, central nervous system; ... the emer- gence of the Plathelminthes in the evolutionary his- tory. The eye of the planarian is one of the most ancestral and primitive types of visual systems in animals and is of particular ... of the simplest animal groups with a central nervous system. Their primitive central nervous system produces large quantities of a variety of neuropeptides, of which many are amidated at their C...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 15:20

... in the striatum, in the limbic zones of the cerebral cortex, and in other major regions of the limbic system except the hippocampus (seeHökfelt, et al. , 1976, 1977). At the cellular level, the ... (D 2S ) and D 2 long (D 2L ), the D 3 , and the D 4 receptors (seeGrandy and Civelli, 1992; Gingrich and Caron, 1993; Civelli, 1994). The D 1 and D 5 receptors activate adenylyl cyclase. The D 2 ... of the anesthetic agent in inspired gas, (2) pulmonary ventilation delivering the anesthetic to the lungs, (3) transfer of the gas from the alveoli to the blood flowing through the lungs, and...

Ngày tải lên: 12/07/2014, 20:21

... combinations of chemotherapy and cranial radiation. The excellent correlation of the in vitro and in vivo results of Noble and colleagues’ study [1] raises the hope that the technique used might ... G: Abnormal CT scans of the brain in asymptomatic children with acute lymphocytic leukemia after prophylactic treat- ment of the central nervous system with radiation and intrathecal chemotherapy. N Engl ... necessitating either bone marrow transplantation or peripheral stem cell support to boost the immune system, and either no craniospinal radiation or focused radiation to the tumor bed. The increased...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 18:21

... there was a 2.5-fold increase in apoptosis in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and a 4-fold increase in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus (DG). The increased cell death persisted in the SVZ and ... interaural AP +2.5 mm and AP +1.1 mm. BrdU + cells were counted in the area of the dentate gyrus, including the hilus, subgranular zone and the granule cell layer and analyzed as for the SVZ. Quantitative ... 0.001), and the interaction of treatment and time is very significant ( p < 0.01); ((bb)) in the CC, both the treatment effect and time effect are extremely significant ( p < 0.001), and the...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 18:21

... also found that the agents caused increased cell death and decreased cell division in the subventricular zone, the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the corpus callosum in mice. These effects ... hippocampus and the corpus callosum), primarily in progenitor cells and oligodendrocytes. To determine whether these findings resulted in functional impairment, they investigated the auditory ... understanding of the mechanisms of acute and, importantly, progressive and delayed injury to the brain from clinically relevant short-term exposure to a widely used chemotherapy agent. Furthermore,...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 18:21

... system. We study the effects and interactions of negatively charged gold nanoparticles (nAuNPs) with the cockroaches CNS in vivo. The authors refer to the nervous system as the brain and the nerve cord ... vibration and changes in weather affect the activ- ity of both g roups. The effects of these variables are diminished by presenting the activity ratio of the treated to the untreated group. Although the ... nters the biological system, the response of the immune system is to block further damage by encapsu- lating the object. This response has been readily found and studied in insects [27,28]. The...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 00:22

... hours, while the ketamine metabolite half-life is two and a half hours. Gabapentin is eliminated from the systemic cir- culation by renal excretion. Ketamine is metabolized in the liver and excreted by the ... Bejnarowicz and Bruce A Schoneboom Abstract Introduction: The drugs gabapentin and ketamine are used frequently in the peri-operative setting. There is poor documentation whether or not gabapentin and ... Unfortunately, however, there is little documented evidence to suggest that gabapentin and ketamine interact to additively or synergistically depress the central nervous system (CNS) and/ or have respira- tory-depressant...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 00:23

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 16:21

... Barnholtz-Sloan, Andrew E. Sloan, and Ann G. Schwartz Chapter 25 Cancer of the Brain and Other Central Nervous System Chapter 25 Cancer of the Brain and Nervous System National Cancer Institute ... in the United States: a study of the Brain Tumor Section of the AANS and the CNS and the Commission on Cancer of the ACS. Clin Neurosurg 1990;36:347-52. 12. Gurney JG, Smith MA, Bunin GR. Chapter ... IV Unknown Figure 25.8: Other Central Nervous System Cancer: Relative Survival Rates by Grade, Ages 20+, 12 SEER Areas, 1988-2001 Table 25.8: Cancer of the Other Central Nervous System Cancer: 1-,...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 17:20

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Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 16:21

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 16:21