Stephens & Foraging - Behavior and Ecology - Chapter 11 pot
Stephens & Foraging - Behavior and Ecology - Chapter 11 pot
... closely examines the behavior of individuals. Individual foragersPart IV Foraging Ecology 11 Foraging and Population DynamicsRobert D. Holt and Tristan Kimbrell 11. 1 PrologueEvery ecologytextbook ... proposed and showhow to incorporate digestive satiation as well as handling time constraints.The above model of predator-prey dynamics illustrates a “top-down” ap-proach to linking foraging and ... population dynamics on foraging. 11. 3 “Top-down” versus “Bottom-up” Approaches Relating Individual Behavior to Population DynamicsTo understand phenomena such as the Arctic lynx-hare cycle discussed...
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Stephens & Foraging - Behavior and Ecology - Chapter 1 ppt
... prob-lems within behavioral ecology, spurred on by a long-standing interest in sex-ual signaling and other forms of communication (Dall and Johnstone 2002),that may reinvigorate interest in foraging ... general explana-tion for animals’ strong preference for immediacy.In an alternative approach, Stephens and colleagues (Stephens 2002; Ste-phens and Anderson 2001; Stephens and McLinn 2003) ... in ecology in the late 1970s and 1980s and is described in sections 1.8 and 1.9 below. Stephens and Krebs(1986) used the idea of state dependence in two chapters and anticipated thestill-growing...
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Stephens & Foraging - Behavior and Ecology - Chapter 2 pdf
... the long-term rate of patch encounter will control patchexploitation patterns, and that travel time patterns such as “long-short-long-short-long-short . . . ” will give the same long-term encounter ... interactions.2.7 The Behavioral Ecology of Information and CognitionInformation problems connect behavioral ecology with basic behavioral mech-anisms such as learning, memory, and decision making. ... will give the same long-term encounter rate as “long-long-long-short-short-short . . . ” Yet these researchers found that observedpatch-leaving behavior reflects the most recently experienced travel...
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Stephens & Foraging - Behavior and Ecology - Chapter 3 ppt
... agonist that most effectively mim-ics the effect of glutamate, including the NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspar-tic acid) receptor and the AMPA (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl- 4- isoxazoleproprionate) receptor.Neuropil ... maze, and choice byprimates among concealed food sites are all components of natural foraging, or very similar to components of natural foraging. It is no accident that feed-ing and foraging behavior ... examined this issuetheoretically and empir-ically (Devenport and Devenport 1994; Hirvonen et al. 1999; Kacelnik and Todd 1992; Shettleworth and Plowright 1992; Stephens 1987). Hirvonenet al....
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Stephens & Foraging - Behavior and Ecology - Chapter 4 pdf
... stimulus.In an experiment that combined a delayed matching-to-sample and a delay-ed symbolicmatching-to-sample procedure, pigeonslearned to forgeta previ-ously presented sample (fig.4.5). This procedure ... without ap-parent trial -and- error learning. Although pulling and stepping may be an in-nate motor pattern in birds (see review in Thorpe 1963), several ravens neverCognition for Foraging 125concentration). ... tools without under-standing the means-ends relationship. Visalberghi and colleagues (Visalberghi and Limongelli 1996) tested capuchins and chimpanzees using a clear plas-tic tube with a cuplike...
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Stephens & Foraging - Behavior and Ecology - Chapter 5 pps
... instance, that plug-flow reactors outper-form bothbatch and continuous-flow, stirred-tank reactorsfor a givenreactorvolumeand when reactionsarecatalytic, but continuous-flow,stirred-tankre-actors outperform ... some in-vertebrates, including hydras and coelenterates; plug-flow reactors are ana-logues for the tubular guts found in most multicellular invertebrates and vertebrates; and continuous-flow, ... be modeled as a large continuous-flow,stirred-tank reactor serially followed by a plug-flow reactor and then a smallcontinuous-flow, stirred-tank reactor (Alexander 1994).Chemical reactor models...
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Stephens & Foraging - Behavior and Ecology - Chapter 6 docx
... herbivore foraging behavior, we must under-stand the dynamics of plant growth. We need to become experts, not just onanimal behavior, but also on plant growth and metabolism (or find someonewho isand ... shorter, and theirpreferences may change.Early students of foraging behavior were interested in foraging behavior because they thought it would yield a deeper understanding of predator-preydynamics. ... specially adapted teeth and jawsin mammals (Lucas1994), mandiblesin insects (Bernays1991), and teeth, jaws, andpost-oral pharyngeal mills in fishes(Clements and Rauben-heimer 2005). An alternative,...
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Stephens & Foraging - Behavior and Ecology - Chapter 7 pdf
... strategies. Such models have becomestandard in evolutionary and behavioral ecology (Stephens and Krebs 1986;Mangel and Clark 1988; Bulmer 1994; Houston and McNamara 1999) and range from simple analytic ... spent on foraging and resting (“stopovers”) before and between migratory flights (Hedenstr¨om and Alerstam 1997). Migra-tion can therefore be seen largely as a foraging enterprise, now and theninterrupted ... supply values and were also higher under theno-hypothermia assumption than for optimal hypothermia. These findingssuggest that hypothermia serves mainly as an alternative to large body re-serves...
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Stephens & Foraging - Behavior and Ecology - Chapter 8 doc
... acquisition to un-derstand the diversity of provisioning behavior. Like the rest of behavioral ecology, provisioning models emphasize costs and benefits, and they ask how costs and benefits select ... accommodaterate-maximizing and efficiency-maximizing behavior within a single frame-work.Few studies have tested this critical prediction. (Figures 8.1 and 8.2 showmeasured behavior as well ... back- and- forth trips each day, delivering prey to fuel the growth of the nestlings.Better-fed broods grow faster and survive better.Orians and Pearson (1979) invented the term “central place foraging ...
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Stephens & Foraging - Behavior and Ecology - Chapter 9 docx
... to reduce danger.To begin this chapter, I examine why foraging gain and danger are gen-erally linked, and I build a life history framework for modeling foraging and danger. I discuss how danger ... guppies react lessquickly to predators when foraging than when not foraging, and even lessquickly when foraging nose down (Krause and Godin 1996).Depletion and Density DependenceFor a burrowing ... energetic returns and danger from green sunfish. The best explanation for their behavior com-bines food and danger in a life history context (Skalski and Gilliam 2002). Tobuild models of foraging under...
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