Stephens & Foraging - Behavior and Ecology - Chapter 8 doc

... accommodate rate-maximizing and efficiency-maximizing behavior within a single frame- work. Few studies have tested this critical prediction. (Figures 8. 1 and 8. 2 show measured behavior as well ... on the self-feeding rate and the tactical options avail- able, as described in equations (8. 1) and (8. 2). The three lines labeled i = 1, 2, 3 represent three succes- sively higher-...

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... herbivore foraging behavior, we must under- stand the dynamics of plant growth. We need to become experts, not just on animal behavior, but also on plant growth and metabolism (or find someone who isand ... students of foraging behavior were interested in foraging behavior because they thought it would yield a deeper understanding of predator-prey dynamics. They thought we could...

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... less food (Werner and Hall 1 988 ). Animals switch between these two kinds of areas during growth because both foraging gain and danger change as they grow (Werner and Gil- liam 1 984 ). In other cases, ... are sensitive to foraging gain (see Stephens and Krebs 1 986 ). As predicted, many animals spend more time feeding in each patch when patches are farther apart (Stephens an...

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... feeding behaviors and heritable phenotypes. And the strategies and behaviors of others influence the optimal combinations of behaviors and morphology. We need game theory to analyze the evolu- tion ... quality and population density. The IFD is described in box 10.1. Isodars (Morris 1 988 ) and isolegs (Rosen- zweig 1 981 ) link the habitat choices of individuals with the dynamics...

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... in ecology in the late 1970s and 1 980 s and is described in sections 1 .8 and 1.9 below. Stephens and Krebs (1 986 ) used the idea of state dependence in two chapters and anticipated the still-growing ... in Stephens and Krebs (1 986 ) lies in social foraging games and the consequences of foraging as a group. Foraging games between predator and prey represent an...

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... the long-term rate of patch encounter will control patch exploitation patterns, and that travel time patterns such as “long-short-long- short-long-short . . . ” will give the same long-term encounter ... interactions. 2.7 The Behavioral Ecology of Information and Cognition Information problems connect behavioral ecology with basic behavioral mech- anisms such as learning, memory, and...

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... agonist that most effectively mim- ics the effect of glutamate, including the NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspar- tic acid) receptor and the AMPA (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl- 4- isoxazoleproprionate) receptor. Neuropil ... passage of time (Bibby and Green 1 980 ; Davies and Houston 1 981 ; Kamil 19 78; Prins et al. 1 980 ). Recollection of the relative timing of visits under these conditions sho...

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... stimulus. In an experiment that combined a delayed matching-to-sample and a delay- ed symbolicmatching-to-sample procedure, pigeonslearned to forgeta previ- ously presented sample (fig.4.5). This procedure ... without ap- parent trial -and- error learning. Although pulling and stepping may be an in- nate motor pattern in birds (see review in Thorpe 1963), several ravens never Cognition for...

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... whole-organism operation (Bautista et al. 19 98; Karasov and Diamond 1 988 ; Karasov and Hume 1997; Levey and Mart ´ ınez del Rio 2001; Penry and Jumars 1 986 ; Whelan et al. 2000). However, while foraging ... experimental manipu- lations (Abrahams and Dill 1 989 ; Nonacs and Dill 1990; Todd and Cowie 1990; Brown 1 988 ) or the economic concept of marginal rates of substitutio...

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... understand the selective forces that have shaped energy storage and expenditure strategies. Such models have become standard in evolutionary and behavioral ecology (Stephens and Krebs 1 986 ; Mangel and ... (Nucifraga spp.) spend most of the autumn hoarding food (Swan- berg 1951;Tomback 1977;VanderWall 1 988 ) ,and they dependon thisstored 2 38 Anders Brodin and Colin W. Clark...

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