Chapter 012 Pain: Pathophysiology and Management (Part 8) pptx

... headache a Rheumatoid arthritis a,b Chronic low back pain b Cancer Chapter 012. Pain: Pathophysiology and Management (Part 8) Antidepressant Medications The tricyclic antidepressants [amitriptyline, ... degree of tolerance and physical dependence are likely with long-term use. Therefore, before embarking on opioid therapy, other options should be explored, and...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 08:20

... platelet-mediated blood clotting and are thus associated with increased Chapter 012. Pain: Pathophysiology and Management (Part 6) a Antidepressants, anticonvulsants, and antiarrhythmics have not ... of compounds in the management of acute severe pain. Ketorolac is sufficiently potent and rapid in onset to supplant opioids for many patients with acute severe headac...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 08:20

... tissue damage, the quality, time course, and location of a patient's pain complaint and the location of tenderness provide important diagnostic clues and are used to evaluate the response ... properties illustrate the duality of pain: it is both sensation and emotion. When acute, pain is characteristically associated with behavioral arousal and a stress response consisting...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 08:20

... messengers of threats to tissue injury but also play an active role in Chapter 012. Pain: Pathophysiology and Management (Part 2) Sensitization When intense, repeated, or prolonged stimuli ... nociceptors is lowered and the frequency of firing is higher for all stimulus intensities. Inflammatory mediators such as bradykinin, nerve growth factor, some prostaglandins, a...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 08:20

... this pain-modulating circuit contain endogenous opioid Chapter 012. Pain: Pathophysiology and Management (Part 4) Pain transmission and modulatory pathways. A. Transmission system for nociceptive ... significant analgesic effect (placebo). On the other hand, many patients find even minor injuries (such as venipuncture) frightening and unbearable, and the expectation...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 08:20

... selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors and traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs increase the risk of atherothrombosis? Meta-analysis of randomized trials. BMJ 332:1302, 2006 [PMID: ... Macintyre PE: Safety and efficacy of patient-controlled analgesia. Br J Anaesth 87:36, 2001 [PMID: 11460812] Wager TD et al: Placebo-induced changes in FMRI in the anticipation and expe...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 08:20

... 6 00–1200 q 8 h Oxcarbaz ine 3 00 bid Pregab alin 1 50–600 bid Chapter 012. Pain: Pathophysiology and Management (Part 5) Sympathetically Maintained Pain Patients with peripheral ... soft tissue trauma, myocardial infarction, and stroke (Chap. 370). Although the pathophysiology of this condition is poorly understood, the pain and the signs of inflammation...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 08:20

... pylori treatment or for those who are negative for the Chapter 039. Nausea, Vomiting, and Indigestion (Part 8) Table 39-3 Alarm Symptoms in GERD Odynophagia Unexplained weight loss Recurrent ... with upright symptoms. Sucralfate is a salt of aluminum hydroxide and sucrose octasulfate that buffers acid and binds pepsin and bile salts. Its efficacy in GERD is felt to be c...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... energy management user-centric, i.e. adaptable to the varying user behavior. No energy should ever be spent uselessly. In this chapter we present a new approach to LCD display and TV set energy management, ... requires pushing the ON button. Energy Technology and Management 144 D A DD A Fig. 4. An illustration of the eye detection heuristics (left) and the search...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 10:20

... Waste Water - Evaluation and Management 222 We have also undertaken chemical and biological measurements in streams, lakes and wetlands over the years. Elemental composition ... algae, macrophytes and macroinvertebrates have also been recorded in streams and wetlands. Cover, biomass and productivity measurements of phytoplankton, submerged-, emergent- and pleustonic ve...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 05:20