Chapter 003 Decision-Making in Clinical Medicine (Part 5) pptx
Chapter 003. Decision-Making in Clinical Medicine (Part 5) pptx
... patients Chapter 003. Decision-Making in Clinical Medicine (Part 5) Economic Incentives Economic incentives are closely related to the other two categories of practice-modifying factors. Financial ... understanding of the patient's problem qualifies as a diagnostic test. Thus, even the history and physical examination can be considered a form of diagnostic test. In clinical medicine, it ... can exert both stimulatory and inhibitory influences on clinical practice. In general, physicians are paid on a fee-for-service, capitation, or salary basis. In fee-for-service, the more the...
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Chapter 064. The Practice of Genetics in Clinical Medicine (Part 5) pptx
... The Practice of Genetics in Clinical Medicine (Part 5) Molecular analysis is generally more informative if testing is initiated in a symptomatic family member, since the identification of ... documented mutations (Chap. 3 45). Informed Consent When the issue of testing is addressed, patients should be strongly encouraged to involve other relatives in the decision-making process, as molecular ... results. Informed consent should also include a discussion of the mechanics of testing. Most molecular testing for hereditary disease involves DNA-based analysis of peripheral blood. In the majority...
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Chapter 065. Gene Therapy in Clinical Medicine (Part 5) ppt
... Wiley, 2006 www.abedia.com/wiley/indications.php Chapter 065. Gene Therapy in Clinical Medicine (Part 5) Other Diseases The power and versatility of gene transfer approaches are such ... dopamine, or of the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid, have been introduced into affected areas of the brain (striatum, subthalamic nucleus) by stereotactic neurosurgery. In Alzheimer's ... areas of interest include gene therapies for HIV and for neurodegenerative disorders. The latter include studies in patients with Parkinson's disease, where AAV vectors expressing enzymes...
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Chapter 064. The Practice of Genetics in Clinical Medicine (Part 1) pptx
... role in educating patients about the indications, benefits, risks, and limitations of genetic testing in the management of Chapter 064. The Practice of Genetics in Clinical Medicine (Part ... (Part 1) Harrison's Internal Medicine > Chapter 64. The Practice of Genetics in Clinical Medicine Implications of Molecular Genetics for Internal Medicine The field of medical genetics ... classified, enhancing our understanding of pathophysiology, providing practical information concerning drug metabolism and therapeutic responses, and allowing for individualized screening and health...
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Chapter 064. The Practice of Genetics in Clinical Medicine (Part 2) pptx
... documented in the pedigree include the presence or absence of nonhereditary risk factors among those affected with diseases, and the finding of multiple diseases in an individual patient. For instance, ... including grandparents. When pedigrees appear to suggest an inherited disease, they should be extended to include additional family members. The determination of risk for an asymptomatic individual ... two- to fivefold, underscoring the importance of family history for these prevalent disorders. Pending further advances in genetic testing, the key to assessing the inherited risk for common...
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Chapter 003. Decision-Making in Clinical Medicine (Part 1) doc
... Chapter 003. Decision-Making in Clinical Medicine (Part 1) Harrison's Internal Medicine > Chapter 3. Decision-Making in Clinical Medicine Decision-Making in Clinical Medicine: ... Uncertainty is compounded by the information overload that characterizes modern medicine. Today's experienced clinician needs close to 2 million pieces of information to practice medicine. ... Despite the great technological advances of medicine over the last century, uncertainty still plays a pivotal role in all aspects of medical decision-making. We may know that a patient does not...
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Chapter 003. Decision-Making in Clinical Medicine (Part 2) pdf
... Chapter 003. Decision-Making in Clinical Medicine (Part 2) The following three examples introduce the subject of clinical reasoning: A 46-year-old man presents to his internist ... therefore more influential on clinical judgments. The third commonly used cognitive shortcut, the anchoring heuristic, involves estimating a probability by starting from a familiar point (the anchor) ... the sort encountered daily in clinical medicine, with great efficiency. Clinicians rely on three basic types of heuristics. When assessing a particular patient, clinicians often weigh the probability...
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Chapter 003. Decision-Making in Clinical Medicine (Part 3) ppt
... disease is the underlying cause. The absence of a resting Chapter 003. Decision-Making in Clinical Medicine (Part 3) Diagnostic Hypothesis Generation Cognitive scientists studying the thought ... make teaching diagnostic reasoning difficult is that expert clinicians do not follow a fixed pattern in patient examinations. From the outset, they are generating, refining, and discarding diagnostic ... examiner to the exclusion of all other inputs until answered, allowing the examiner to move on to the next specific question. Negative findings are often as important as positive ones in establishing...
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Chapter 003. Decision-Making in Clinical Medicine (Part 4) doc
... influence this role include the physician's knowledge, training, and experience. It is obvious that physicians cannot practice evidence-based medicine (EBM; described later in the chapter) if ... therapy in their heart failure patients because they are more familiar with what the targets are (as defined by large clinical trials), have more familiarity with the specific drugs (including ... are less likely to overreact to foreseeable problems in therapy such as a rise in creatinine levels or symptomatic hypotension. Other intriguing research has shown a wide distribution of acceptance...
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Chapter 003. Decision-Making in Clinical Medicine (Part 6) doc
... predictive value is best avoided in favor of the more informative posttest probability. Chapter 003. Decision-Making in Clinical Medicine (Part 6) Calculating sensitivity and specificity ... response in a treadmill exercise test) to the exclusion of other potentially relevant data. In addition, ROC area comparisons do not simulate the way test information is actually used in clinical ... measure of the information content of a test. Values range from 0.5 (no diagnostic information at all, test is equivalent to flipping a coin) to 1.0 (perfect test). In the testing literature,...
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