... effect on the length of the TCP connection in terms of number of hops for RPGMbecause of the strict movements of nodes. On the other hand, for FRW and MAN, the higher the node speed, the higher the tendency ... clear performance gain over the conventionalAODV [9], but RWP does not reflect the mobile nodes’movement patterns in real-life applications. Therefore, toanalyze the performance of any new routing ... repair the link break, the node broadcastsan RREQ for that destination. Otherwise, the node makes alist of unreachable destinations consisting of the unreachableneighbor and any additional destinations...