Research results from the Advanced Lead–Acid Battery Consortium point the way to longer life and higher specific energy for leadracid electric-vehicle batteries pptx

... the Advanced Lead–Acid Battery Consortium point the way to longer life and higher specific energy for leadracid electric-vehicle batteries P.T. Moseley ) The International Lead Zinc Research Organization, ... the Advanced Lead–Acid Ž. Battery Consortium ALABC . 2. The Advanced Lead–Acid Battery Consortium The responsibility for...

Ngày tải lên: 05/07/2014, 20:21

... Conclusions The improvements to cycle -life and specific energy involve substantial technical development in the way the battery is assembled, but are also intimately involved with the way the battery ... valve-regulated lead–acid VRLA batteries that have been posted during Ž. the course of the technical programme of the Advanced Lead–Acid Battery C...

Ngày tải lên: 05/07/2014, 20:21

Ngày tải lên: 05/07/2014, 20:21

... shows how the specific energy of this design compares with the other designs. Table 5 gives values for the energy discharged and specific energy of this design. The performance of the design ... milesrh, for a maximum range of 70 miles. The model results for this design, and the results for all subsequent designs, will be used to predict cell perfor-...

Ngày tải lên: 05/07/2014, 20:21

... indicates that the effect of adding carbon to the PAM on the capacity and life of a lead–acid cell depends on the form of the carbon used. Carbon black has little effect [27], but graphite [23] and carbon ... 2001 [39]. Due to well-established battery materials and manufacturing technologies, these ultracapacitor -batteries are lower in cost and higher in specifi...

Ngày tải lên: 05/07/2014, 20:21

... be used to model the bipolar lead± acid battery and also to use the results for up-scaling the battery. This is the reason for ®tting the results of the 12 V bipolar lead±acid battery to an empirical ... equal to 537/42 while the ratio of the voltages is equal to 80/12. The total multiplication factor is, therefore, 85. In order to express the Ra...

Ngày tải lên: 05/07/2014, 20:21

... life. The reason for the steep decline in capacity and hence for the end of cycle life proved to be swelling of the active material and loss of contact between the metal substrate and the negative active ... study the effect of the three-step charge mode on the capacity and cycle life, and to optimize the charge mode of the lead±acid battery. 2. E...

Ngày tải lên: 05/07/2014, 21:20

... capacity and cycle life performance of the battery. 5. Conclusions During the initial tests, both the C 20 capacity and the CCA performance depend on the content of phenolic groups in the expander ... evolved on the positive plate and also to hydrogen attack by the hydrogen evolved on the negative plate [1]. Hence, the chemical stability of the expander is im...

Ngày tải lên: 05/07/2014, 21:20

... operation. The additive controls the crystallization of PbSO 4 and modifies the shape and size of the crystals. The addi- tion of PASP to the paste and to the electrolyte improves the utilization of the ... sulphate and modifies the shape and size of PbSO 4 crystals. The addition of PASP to the negative paste and to the electrolyte improves the ut...

Ngày tải lên: 05/07/2014, 21:20

... informed about the purpose, benefits and risks of the study and their right to withdraw at any time point. Following this, each of them had given their consent of participation in the study. The ... made to look whether there was deviation from reference values given by the manufacturer and interestingly all were found to lie within the normal range. The normal ra...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20