... estrogenic and androgenic contamination on marine organisms in the United Kingdom-summary of the EDMAR (Endocrine Disruption in the Marine Environment) programme. Mar Environ Res, 54(3-5): 645-649.Matthiessen, ... accumulation of VTG in the Bidder’s organ. Therefore, the authors concluded that their ndings suggested that the testes of the affected toads were malfunctioning. Indeed, all the reported effects ... and Africa. In the Republic of Benin in Africa, for example, VTG in male tilapia (Sarotherodon melanotheron) has been associated with organochlorine pesticide contamination in the Ouémé River...