Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 36 pptx
Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 36 pptx
... to ±1.5 unit for higher concentrations of thebuffer). The buffer capacity of the mobile phase is proportional to buffer concentra-tion, which typically falls within a range of 5 to 25 mM. To ... readermay wish to skip this digression, proceed to Section 7.2.1.2, andreturntothepresentsection as needed.We can define the ‘‘effective buffer capacity’’ of the mobile phase to mean thatan ... laboratories should beable to obtain the same final mobile-phase pH within ±0.04 to 0.05 units [3]. If acloser control of mobile-phase pH is required, see Section 7.3.4.1. When we refer to mobile-phase...
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Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 5 pptx
... most laboratories that deal with a need for analyzing chemical mixtures areequipped for HPLC; it is often the first choice of technique Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition, ... Do?, 41.2 A SHORT HISTORY OF HPLC, 61.3 SOME ALTERNATIVES TO HPLC, 81.3.1 Gas Chromatography (GC), 81.3.2 Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC), 91.3.3 Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (SFC), 101.3.4 ... errorSFC supercritical fluid chromatographySLE solid-supported liquid- liquid extractionS/N signal -to- noise ratioSOP standard operating procedureTF peak-tailing factor TF; Figure 2.16aTHF tetrahydrofuranTLC...
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Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 7 pptx
... Switching, 792.7.7 Retention Predictions Based on Solute Structure, 80 Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition, by Lloyd R. Snyder,Joseph J. Kirkland, and John W. DolanCopyright ... Chrommatogr., 5 (1967) 183.25. J. J. Kirkland, ed., Modern Practice of Liquid Chromatography, Wiley-Interscience, NewYork, 1971.26. T. Braumann, G. Weber, and L. H. Grimme, J. Chromatogr., ... and C. G´arcia-Alvarez-Coque, Micellar Liquid Chromatography, Dekker,New York, 2000.41. Y. Ito and W. D. Conway, eds., High-Speed Countercurrent Chromatography, Wiley,New York, 1996.42. J...
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Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 20 pptx
... Quadrupoles and Ion Traps, 1884.14.3 Other MS Detectors, 1904.15 OTHER HYPHENATED DETECTORS, 191 Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition, by Lloyd R. Snyder,Joseph J. Kirkland, ... 1584.3 INTRODUCTION TO INDIVIDUAL DETECTORS, 1604.4 UV-VISIBLE DETECTORS, 1604.4.1 Fixed-Wavelength Detectors, 1634.4.2 Variable-Wavelength Detectors, 1644.4.3 Diode-Array Detectors, 1654.4.4 ... detectors the mobile phaseis maintained in a liquid state, detection occurs, and the mobile phase passes outof the detector cell to a waste container, fraction collector, or another detector.148...
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Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 26 pptx
... heating,microparticles of silica spherical compositeFigure 5.10 Aggregation of microparticles to form totally porous particles.212 THE COLUMNand the particles are strengthened by sintering. Small particles ... sol particles. Small, silica-sol particles are used to prepare particleswith smaller pores; larger pores are formed from larger silica sol-particles. Thisaggregation method can also be used to ... preparing totally porous silica particles is to aggre-gate or assemble microparticles, as illustrated in Figure 5.10. One such procedureis to disperse a silica sol of defined size in a polar liquid, ...
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Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 32 pptx
... 5,5-diphenylhydantoin; 3, acetophenone; 4,benzonitrile; 5, 5-phenylpentanol; 6,anisole;7, toluene; 8, cis-chalcone; 9, ethylbenzene; 10,trans-chalcone. Conditions: 150 × 4.6-mm (5-μm) columns; 45% acetonitrile-water; ... 5,3,4-dichloroaniline; 6, 2-nitrotoluene; 7, 3-nitrotoluene; 8, toluene; 9,3-nitro-o-xylene; 10,4-nitro-m-xylene. Conditions: 250 × 4.6-mm (5-μm) C8column; acetonitrile–pH-6.5 buffermobile ... Figure 6.11 shows how to estimate the best %-MeOH foruse in the second separation. Next examine the ACN and MeOH chromatograms to determine if a mixture of ACN and MeOH is likely to give a better...
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Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 39 pptx
... sulfonate concen-tration of 6 to 7 mM would provide maximum resolution of peaks 4 to 7 (placingpeak 5 midway between peaks 4 and 6, but without moving peak 7 too close to peak 6).Figure 7.15d–f ... C8column (3-μmparti-cles); 15% methanol- buffer (pH-3.2); 35◦C; 2.0 mL/min. Chromatograms recreated fromdata in [48].338 IONIC SAMPLES: REVERSED-PHASE, ION-PAIR, AND ION-EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY02Time ... Theeffect of chaotropes in altering the retention of protonated bases appears much morepronounced for acetonitrile as B-solvent, compared to methanol or tetrahydrofuran[54].7.4.2.2 Control of...
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Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 44 pptx
... required to achieve the desired retention range of 1 ≤ k ≤ 10, as well as to take advantage ofsolvent-strength selectivity.At the conclusion of exploratory TLC studies with silica plates, we need to ... often tolerate lower values of N (Section 15.4.1.1).8.6 HYDROPHILIC INTERACTION CHROMATOGRAPHY(HILIC)Hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) can be regarded as normal-phasechromatography ... hexane to the mobile phase to decrease ε. The ability of silica to separate isomers and other solutes will be compromised by excessive deactivation ofthe column.Variable retention due to changes...
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Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 46 pptx
... behavior can make itextremely difficult to obtain reproducible isocratic separations of macromolecules indifferent laboratories, or even within the same laboratory. Furthermore the isocraticseparation ... separations by RPC (with fixed run times,for automated analysis) are only practical by means of gradient elution and arecommonly used to assay combinatorial libraries [3], as well as other samples ... B-solvent reservoirs to containmixtures of the A- and B-solvents, rather than pure water and organic, respectively;for example, 5% acetonitrile/water in the A-reservoir and 95% acetonitrile/water...
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Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 57 pptx
... need to beapplied to this value before the final sample concentration is reported.11.4 QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS 521it in water or buffer to make a primary stock. This stock then is added to the ... Detector (CLND)The CLND (Section 4.9) responds to the nitrogen content of the analyte. Because thedetector response is proportional to the molar content of nitrogen in the sample, thedetector ... soil, or other matrix appropriate to the sample type), to the concentration corresponding to the highest point on thecalibration curve. (Some laboratories refer to the standard curve as a line;...
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