Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 9 ppt

... through detector + connecting tubing (extra-column peak broadenin g ) (e)(f ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 8 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 7 9 Detector particle pore Figure 2.12 Illustration of various contributions to band ... increase in proportion to retention time. A continual increase in peak width from the beginning to the end of the chromatogram is therefore observed; for example, see the chromatogr...

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... 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 (a) (b) 3 4 5 6 7 13 12 10 9 14 16 15 17 19 20 21 27 29 28 24 23 30 34 32 31 33 35 36 39 41 46 42 43 47 48 51 50 49 44 45 52 53 54 56 55 57 63 67 71 72 73 74 77 76 73 70 69 68 82 81 78 75 85 83 87 89 88 86 89 90 92 91 93 95 97 98 99 96 94 102 104 101 66 65 60 61 62 58 59 38 22 37 25 26 1 2 100 103 Figure 1.3 Examples of HPLC capabi...

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... Anal. Chem., 39 ( 196 7) 698 , 705. 24. R. P. W. Scott, W. J. Blackburn, and T. J. Wilkens, J. Gas Chrommatogr., 5 ( 196 7) 183. 25. J. J. Kirkland, ed., Modern Practice of Liquid Chromatography, Wiley-Interscience, ... Equilibria, 78 2.7.6 Column Switching, 79 2.7.7 Retention Predictions Based on Solute Structure, 80 Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Ed...

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... ≈1-μm particles will be required. In the second case (N = 300,000), 9 μm particles are recommended. That is, fast separations require smaller particles, while large N separations require larger particles ... R s ≥ 2), normally corresponding to a one -third safety factor (vs. baseline separation with R s ≈ 1.5, for peaks of comparable size). The goal of R s ≥ 2 takes into account minor pe...

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... laboratories have preferred columns packed with -5μm particles. Such columns are less demanding in terms of equipment (Section 3 .9) , and are less likely to be plugged by particulates. Today, ... by conventional HPLC systems (with maximums of 6000 psi or 400 bar) is referred to as ultra–high-pressure liquid chromatography, or U-HPLC. U-HPLC, with pressures > 6000 psi can be used f...

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... a total of three paragraphs were devoted to chromatographic data systems. Perhaps no other factor in HPLC practice has been impacted more in the interceding years than data handling. In 197 9, ... a graphical chromatogram for a visual inspection of the quality of the data. As laboratories move to paperless records, the chromatogram may be viewed only on a computer monitor. For qualitative...

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... Quadrupoles and Ion Traps, 188 4.14.3 Other MS Detectors, 190 4.15 OTHER HYPHENATED DETECTORS, 191 Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition, by Lloyd R. Snyder, Joseph J. Kirkland, ... Infrared (FTIR), 191 4.15.2 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), 192 4.16 SAMPLE DERIVATIZATION AND REACTION DETECTORS, 194 4.1 INTRODUCTION The detector for the first liquid...

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... cell dual photodiode detector output (a) photodiode arra y (b) Figure 4.22 Schematic of a deflection refractive index (RI) detector. (a) Dual-photodiode detector; (b) photodiode array detector (lamp and flow ... heat-exchanger required Sensitive to temperature changes Reliable, fairly easy to operate Nondestructive of photodiode-array technology to the RI detector allows multiple photodio...

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... detector response to reagents to reduce extra-column peak broadening during reaction is to use a knitted reactor, where narrow-bore flexible tubing is knitted into a series of tight radius bends to create ... fast reaction is desired to minimize the reactor volume requirements. Also reactions that go to completion tend to be more reproducible than those that only go partially to...

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... Anal. Chem., 49 ( 197 7) 326. 11. L. R. Snyder and J. J. Kirkland, Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography,1 st ed., Wiley, New York, 197 9, p. 136. 12. J. W. Dolan, LCGC, 14 ( 199 6) 378. 13. ... ( 199 3) 288. 21. A. G. Frenich, J. R. Torres-Laasio, K. De Braekeleer, D. L. Massart, J. L. Martinez-Vidal, and M. M. Galera, J. Chromatogr. A, 855 ( 199 9) 487. 22. Waters 99 6 Pho...

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