... standards are known as the Technical Office Protocol (TOP) and the Manufacturing Automation Protocol (MAP), and are designed as a subset of the OSI model. At the field sensor level, a standard ... generally relate to such responsibilities as error detection and correction methods, flow control methods, and voltage and current standards. However, there are other properties such as the size ... layer on the destination machine. Network architectures (such as Ethernet, ARCnet, Token Ring, and FDDI) encompass the data link and physical layers, which is why these architectures support...