Encyclopedia of World Cultures Volume 2 - Oceania - F potx

... the villages. Most of the houses are set on the inland side of the road, with their household garden plots behind the house. The oval-shaped thatched houses are sur- rounded by low concrete walls to keep the pigs from attacking the crops and have open sides, except for coconut-frond blinds that can be let down in bad weather. Most houses have very recently been wired for electricity and h...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 17:20

... would begin with a brief, secular outburst that had no connection with unplacated ghosts. Some con- federations in an alliance would turn against their supposed allies and make a surprise attack on villages, killing men, women, and children indiscriminately. The alliance would be broken apart, and both sides would withdraw from a kilo- meter-wide area, which would become a fallow no-man'...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 17:20

... 54 Easter Island. sweet potatoes being the most important. Taro, yams, sugar- cane, bananas, gourds, turmeric, and arrowroot were also grown while berries and seabird eggs were gathered. Fish pro- vided some protein, although fishing was never a major sub- sistence activity. Easter Islanders continue to farm small plots today, although maize is now the major crop and Chilean cui- sine has rep...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 17:20

... 166 Malekula times. Since missionization of Seniang and Mewun, official political power in the form of chiefdoms has been rotated every year or two among various members of each 'place." Prior to independence, Mewun and Seniang were each repre- sented by an assessor, who officiated at the trials of small of- fenses but called in the British or French district agents in cas...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 17:20

... in 1 722 was the Dutch 300 Sio Settlements For two to three centuries the Sio lived on a tiny offshore is- land (later known as the "Dorfinsel" to the German colo- nists). The island village was divided into residential wards, each of them densely packed with houses that were typically occupied by two or three nuclear families. Each ward also had a men's ceremonial house. Th...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 17:20

... is a repository of information not likely to be available in any other single publication or, in some cases, not available at all. For students, from high school through graduate school, it provides background and bibliographic information for term papers and class projects. And for travelers, it provides an in- troduction into the ways of life of the indigenous peoples in the area of...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 17:20

... the repetitive agricultural chores such as weeding. Men worked with stone and wood, constructing tools and weapons, and women worked with clay and plant fi- bers, making pots, mats, baskets, and fiber skirts. Today, fam- ilies continue to cooperate in agriculture. Land Tenure. In traditional times Kanaks maintained in- dividual rights to land. They were of four types: (1) First occupation r...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 17:20

... few families in each village run small retail stores. A complex system of social exchange, in- volving the presentation of food and service in return for cash and valuables across the affinal bond, is the principal focus of daily economic life. U.S. currency is used in financial transac- tions; Belauan valuables supplement cash in customary exchanges. 30 Boazi brother and mother's...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 17:20

... of the garden planting, weeding, and harvesting, care for the children, cook, and care for pigs. Men are also respon- sible for political activities and, in time of tribal warfare, de- fense of the territory. The production of coffee is primarily the responsibility of men, and the few Chimbus with wage employment are almost exclusively men. Predominantly, women sell items (mostly fr...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 17:20

... of relatively easy ac- cess to new and desired Western goods, as well as a reaction to the breakdown of the traditional sociopolitical and socio- economic systems, contributed to the development of the "Masinga Rule" movement (often translated as "Marching Rule," but there is evidence that masinga means "brother- hood" in one of Guadalcanal's dialect...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 17:20