Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 71 docx

... signal formats, 24 0-2 42 DC balance and, 241 non-return-to-zero (NRZ), 24 0-2 42 return-to-zero (RZ), 24 0-2 42 See also on-off keying (OOK) modulation signaling interface, 503 signal-spontaneous ... user-to-network interface (UNI), 382, 385, 523 valence band, 161 variable optical attenuator (VOA), 213 Vernier effect, 231 vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... The Morgan Kaufmann Series in Networking Series Editor, David Clark, MIT Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective, 2e Rajiv Ramaswami and Kumar N. Sivarajan Telecommunications Law in the ... Technology and Applications Bruce Davie and Yakov Rekhter High-Performance Communication Networks, 2e Jean Walrand and Pravin Varaiya Computer Networks: A Systems Approach, 2e Larry...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... 12 1.3 .2 Second-Generation Optical Networks 14 1.4 The Optical Layer 16 1.5 Transparency and All -Optical Networks 24 1.6 Optical Packet Switching 26 1.7 Transmission Basics 28 1.7.1 Wavelengths, ... 2 Propagation of Signals in Optical Fiber 49 2. 1 Light Propagation in Optical Fiber 50 2. 1.1 Geometrical Optics Approach 50 2. 1 .2 Wave Theory Approach 55 2. 2 Lo...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... Functions of ATM 38 2 6.2.2 Adaptation Layers 38 5 6.2 .3 Quality of Service 38 6 6.2.4 Flow Control 38 7 6.2.5 Signaling and Routing 38 7 6 .3 IP 38 8 6 .3. 1 Routing and Forwarding 39 0 6 .3. 2 Quality ... Service 39 2 6 .3. 3 Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) 39 2 6 .3. 4 Whither ATM? 39 4 6.4 Storage-Area Networks 39 5 6.4.1 ESCON 39 6 6.4.2 Fibre Channel 39...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... (virtual circuits) and is capable of providing a variety of quality-of-service guarantees. Packets in ATM are called cells and are of fixed length (53 bytes). ATM is being used by many carriers ... layer. A virtual circuit (VC) represents an end-to-end connection with a certain set of quality-of-service parameters associated with it, such as bandwidth and error rate. Data transmit...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... may accept data at any bit rate and any protocol format within these limits. It may also be able to carry analog data. Transparency in the network provides several advantages. An operator can ... islands of all -optical subnetworks with optical- to-electrical-to -optical conversion at their boundaries for the purposes of adaptation, regeneration, or wavelength conversion. 1 .6 Optic...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... generation of systems. A major advantage of EDFAs is that they are capable of amplifying signals at many wavelengths simultaneously. This provided another way of increasing the system capacity: ... of amplification (such as Raman amplification, a topic that we will cover in Chapter 3) that complement EDFAs and hold the promise to open up other fiber bands such as the S-band and the U...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... peak-to-peak variation of the chromatic dispersion from the average over the span. In Figure 5.33, the peak-to-peak variation was chosen to be small (1.6 ps/nm-km), and thus both the anomalous ... that we studied in this chapter apply to point-to-point links as well as all -optical networks, and we have attempted to con- sider several factors that affect networks more than point-to-point...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... channel-section trace, which is associated between each adjacent pair of regeneration points of the lightpath. Within an all -optical subnet, we can use a optical channel-transparent section trace. ... Figure 9.2 Layers within the optical layer, showing the optical channel-path (OCh-P) layer, optical channel-section layer (OCh-S), optical multiplex section (OMS) layer, and...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... support aggregate traffic capacities higher than the transmission rate. UPSRs are popular topologies in lower-speed local exchange and access net- works, particularly where the traffic is primarily ... while many long-haul carriers have deployed BLSR/4s. BLSR/4s can handle more failures than BLSR/2s. For example, a BLSR/4 can simultaneously handle one transmitter failure on each span in...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... centralized and operated rather slowly, taking minutes to hours to restore traffic after a failure. Also the protection was complex to manage, and there were no applicable standards. After ... others are turned on, creating a bus. (b) After a failure, the currently inactive amplifiers are turned on and an amplifier pair adjacent to the failure is turned off to bring up the alternate...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... routers and large optical crossconnects (OXCs). In general the trend to date has been that the total capacity that can be switched by a top-of-the-line router is much smaller than the total switching ... connecting patch cables between back-to-back WDM terminals within the optical layer. This approach is the lowest-cost option, as all passthrough traffic is handled without additiona...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 13:20

... increases in the number of wavelengths. Today's state-of-the-art long-haul systems carry about 100 channels at 10 Gb/s each and have regenerator spacings of 400 to 600 km. The ultra-long-haul ... it makes sense for them to deploy WDM at OC-192 rates, and that is what they have done. As we have mentioned earlier, systems operating in the C-band as well as in the L-band are now availa...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 13:20

... G.957. Optical interfaces for equipment and systems related to SDH. G.959. Optical networking physical layer interfaces. G.983. Broadband optical access systems based on passive optical networks ... Characteristics of a nonzero-dispersion-shifted single-mode optical fiber cable. SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) G.691. Optical interfaces for single-channel STM-64, STM-25...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 13:20

... bit rate and, 312 chromatic dispersion limits, 30 9-3 11 816 INDEX optical channel-path trace, 509 optical channel-section trace, 509 optical channel-transparent section trace, 509 optical ... 473,47 8-4 79 scalable, 669 survivability, 53 7-5 87 telephone, 595 transparency, 2 4-2 6 twisted-pair, 596 ultra-long-haul, 69 0-6 91,69 4-6 95 undersea, 5, 69 7-6 98...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 13:20