Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 44 pptx
Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 44 pptx
... J. Walrand and P. Varaiya.
High-Performance Communication Networks. Morgan
Kaufmann, San Francisco, 2000.
7.3 Optical Add/Drop Multiplexers
409
Figure 7.4 A
three-node linear network example ...
Transparency.
Transparency refers to the fact that the lightpaths can carry data at a
variety of bit rates, protocols, and so forth and can, in effect, be made protocol
insensitive. Th...
Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 3 pptx
... added a
large amount of new material, and removed some material that is not as relevant to
practical optical networks. We have also updated the references and added some new
problems.
The major ... tool, Ashutosh Kulshreshtha for also computing the detailed
mesh network design example, Tapan Kumar Nayak for computing the lightpath
topology design example, Parthasarathi Palai for si...
Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 13 pptx
...
COS((O9i
-Jr- (.O j -Jr-
co k ) t
- ( fl i -[ - ~ j [- ~ k ) Z )
[- COS((O)i
-Jr- O) j O) k ) t ( fl i -Jr- fl j ilk)Z)
-[ - COS((O)i
O) j -Jr-
co ~ ) t
- ( i~ i - fl j + ilk)Z)
-+ - COS((O)i ... of DSF and LEAE Note that the power
in the case of LEAF is distributed over a larger area. (After [Liu98].)
6 -
4
-
r~
~ 0-
0
r,~ ~2 m...
Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 16 pptx
... gratings are classified as either
short-period
or
long-period
gratings, based
on the period of the grating. Short-period gratings are also called Bragg gratings and
have periods that are ... operation of a transmission grating. The reflection grating
works in an analogous manner. The path length difference between rays diffracted at
angle
Oa
from adjacent slits is
AB - CD =...
Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 21 pptx
... laser, in general, uses a
wavelength-selective
mirror
instead of a wavelength-flat mirror. (A highly polished and/or metal-coated
facet used in conventional lasers acts as a wavelength-flat ... wavelength). These lasers can all be
grown on a single substrate in the form of an array. Four- and eight-wavelength laser
arrays have been fabricated in research laboratories, but have...
Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 24 pptx
... switch signals on a packet-by-
packet basis. For this application, the switching time must be much smaller than a
packet duration, and large switches will be needed. For example, a 53-byte packet ... these mirrors can be manufac-
tured and packaged as arrays. Moreover, the mirrors can be fabricated using fairly
standard semiconductor manufacturing processes. These mirrors are deflec...
Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 32 pptx
... erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) operating in the C-band. In addition,
L-band EDFAs and Raman amplifiers are also used. EDFAs are used in almost all
amplified WDM systems, whereas Raman amplifiers ... with a receiver are its
sensitivity
and
overload
parameter.
The sensitivity is the average optical power required to achieve a certain
bit error rate at a particular bit rate....
Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 34 pptx
... Sources of intrachannel crosstalk. (a) A cascaded wavelength demultiplexer and a mul-
tiplexer, and (b) an optical switch.
The crosstalk penalty is highest when the state of polarization (SOP) ... crosstalk. However, there are a few architectural
approaches toward reducing specific forms of crosstalk, particularly crosstalk arising
in optical switches.
The first approach is to...
Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 48 pptx
... research
results that have been obtained regarding the trade-offs between optical crosscon-
nects with and without wavelength conversion capability. (We will discuss a practical
long-haul ... RWA problem is
to find a route for each lightpath and to assign it a wavelength on every link of
8.1 Cost Trade-Offs: A Detailed Ring Network Example
441
cost trade-offs between the hi...
Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 51 pptx
... important role in determining the reuse factor. Note that for the same num-
ber of available paths, the max-used algorithms have a distinct advantage over the
random algorithms. The intuitive reason ... phenomenon is that the max-used
strategy provides a higher likelihood of finding the same free wavelength on all
the links along a particular route. A drawback of the max-used algo...
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