Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 38 docx

... peak-to-peak variation of the chromatic dispersion from the average over the span. In Figure 5.33, the peak-to-peak variation was chosen to be small (1.6 ps/nm-km), and thus both the anomalous ... that we studied in this chapter apply to point-to-point links as well as all -optical networks, and we have attempted to con- sider several factors that affect networks more than point-to-point...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... channel-section trace, which is associated between each adjacent pair of regeneration points of the lightpath. Within an all -optical subnet, we can use a optical channel-transparent section trace. ... Figure 9.2 Layers within the optical layer, showing the optical channel-path (OCh-P) layer, optical channel-section layer (OCh-S), optical multiplex section (OMS) layer, and...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... support aggregate traffic capacities higher than the transmission rate. UPSRs are popular topologies in lower-speed local exchange and access net- works, particularly where the traffic is primarily ... while many long-haul carriers have deployed BLSR/4s. BLSR/4s can handle more failures than BLSR/2s. For example, a BLSR/4 can simultaneously handle one transmitter failure on each span in...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... centralized and operated rather slowly, taking minutes to hours to restore traffic after a failure. Also the protection was complex to manage, and there were no applicable standards. After ... others are turned on, creating a bus. (b) After a failure, the currently inactive amplifiers are turned on and an amplifier pair adjacent to the failure is turned off to bring up the alternate...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... routers and large optical crossconnects (OXCs). In general the trend to date has been that the total capacity that can be switched by a top-of-the-line router is much smaller than the total switching ... connecting patch cables between back-to-back WDM terminals within the optical layer. This approach is the lowest-cost option, as all passthrough traffic is handled without additiona...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 13:20

... increases in the number of wavelengths. Today's state-of-the-art long-haul systems carry about 100 channels at 10 Gb/s each and have regenerator spacings of 400 to 600 km. The ultra-long-haul ... it makes sense for them to deploy WDM at OC-192 rates, and that is what they have done. As we have mentioned earlier, systems operating in the C-band as well as in the L-band are now availa...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 13:20

... G.957. Optical interfaces for equipment and systems related to SDH. G.959. Optical networking physical layer interfaces. G.983. Broadband optical access systems based on passive optical networks ... Characteristics of a nonzero-dispersion-shifted single-mode optical fiber cable. SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) G.691. Optical interfaces for single-channel STM-64, STM-25...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 13:20

... bit rate and, 312 chromatic dispersion limits, 30 9-3 11 816 INDEX optical channel-path trace, 509 optical channel-section trace, 509 optical channel-transparent section trace, 509 optical ... 473,47 8-4 79 scalable, 669 survivability, 53 7-5 87 telephone, 595 transparency, 2 4-2 6 twisted-pair, 596 ultra-long-haul, 69 0-6 91,69 4-6 95 undersea, 5, 69 7-6 98...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 13:20

... user-to-network interface (UNI), 382 , 385 , 523 valence band, 161 variable optical attenuator (VOA), 213 Vernier effect, 231 vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs), 17 3-1 74 advantages, ... signal formats, 24 0-2 42 DC balance and, 241 non-return-to-zero (NRZ), 24 0-2 42 return-to-zero (RZ), 24 0-2 42 See also on-off keying (OOK) modulation signaling int...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... The Morgan Kaufmann Series in Networking Series Editor, David Clark, MIT Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective, 2e Rajiv Ramaswami and Kumar N. Sivarajan Telecommunications Law in the ... Technology and Applications Bruce Davie and Yakov Rekhter High-Performance Communication Networks, 2e Jean Walrand and Pravin Varaiya Computer Networks: A Systems Approach, 2e Larry...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21