Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 14 pps
Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 86 pdf
...
signal formats, 24 0-2 42
DC balance and, 241
non-return-to-zero (NRZ), 24 0-2 42
return-to-zero (RZ), 24 0-2 42
See also
on-off keying (OOK) modulation
signaling interface, 503
signal-spontaneous ...
user-to-network interface (UNI), 382, 385,
523
valence band, 161
variable optical attenuator (VOA), 213
Vernier effect, 231
vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers
(VCSELs...
Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 1 ppsx
... The Morgan Kaufmann Series in Networking
Series Editor, David Clark, MIT
Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective, 2e
Rajiv Ramaswami and Kumar N. Sivarajan
Telecommunications Law in the ... Technology and Applications
Bruce Davie and Yakov Rekhter
High-Performance Communication Networks, 2e
Jean Walrand and Pravin Varaiya
Computer Networks: A Systems Approach, 2e
Larry...
Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 11 ppsx
... cross-sectional area. (a) A typical distribution of the signal inten-
sity along the radius of optical fiber. (b) A hypothetical intensity distribution, equivalent
to that in (a) for many purposes, ... a factor of C~ after it has propagated a distance equal to the dispersion length.
70
PROPAGATION OF SIGNALS IN OPTICAL FIBER
I
Figure
2.8 A (negatively) chirped Gaussian pu...
Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 14 pps
... chirped Gaus-
sian pulse with initial width To after it has propagated a distance z.
Show that an unchirped Gaussian pulse launched at z - 0 remains Gaussian for all
z but acquires a distance-dependent ... important at
higher bit rates. The main nonlinear effects that impair high-speed WDM transmis-
sion are self-phase modulation and four-wave mixing. We studied the origin of the...
Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 19 ppsx
... reflections can convert the amplifier
into a laser, making it unusable as an amplifier.
A combination of several factors has made the EDFA the amplifier of choice in
today's optical communication ... multiplexers and
demultiplexers.
3.4
Optical Amplifiers
In an optical communication system, the optical signals from the transmitter are at-
tenuated by the optical fiber...
Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 26 ppsx
... devices, and a variety of technologies are avail-
able to build smaller-scale switches. All -optical wavelength converters are still in the
research laboratories, awaiting significant cost reductions ... commercial devices. High-speed APDs and pinFET receivers are both
available today.
Large-scale MEMS-based optical switches for use in wavelength crossconnects
are now emerging as co...
Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 27 ppsx
... S. Namiki and Y. Emori. Recent advances in ultra-wideband Raman amplifiers. In
OFC 2000 Technical Digest,
pages FF-1-FF-2, 2000.
[NE01] S. Namiki and Y. Emori. Ultra-broadband Raman amplifiers ... this case, compute the
best-case and worst-case loss seen by a channel that is dropped, a channel
that is added, and a channel that is passed through the device.
(c) Another way to reali...
Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 30 pps
... For a BER rate of 10 -9
,y~6.
Note that it is particularly important to have a variable threshold setting in
receivers if they must operate in systems with signal-dependent noise, such as optical ... receivers are generally quite complex to implement and must
deal with a variety of impairments. Note that in our derivation we assumed that
the phase and polarization of the two w...
Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 33 ppsx
... that all channels are received
with approximately the same signal-to-noise ratios at the receiver and fall within the
receiver's dynamic range. However, the amount of equalization that ...
The flatness of the EDFA passband becomes a critical issue in WDM systems with
cascaded amplifiers. The amplifier gain is not exactly the same at each wavelength.
Small variations in gain betwee...
Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 40 ppsx
... layers in backbone networks today are SONET/SDH, IP,
and ATM. SONET/SDH is particularly adept at dealing with lower-speed time divi-
sion multiplexed streams, whereas IP and ATM are adept at ... signal. The optical interface corresponding to the
STS-3 rate is called OC-3 (optical carrier-3), and similar optical interfaces have been
defined for OC-12, OC-48, OC-192, and OC-768 corresp...
Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 45 pps
... fixed-wavelength transponders.
T indicates a transmitter and R indicates a receiver. (b) A partially tunable OADM using a
serial architecture with fixed-wavelength transponders. (c) A fully tunable OADM using ... using
a serial architecture with tunable transponders. This transponder uses a tunable laser
(marked T in the shaded box) and a broadband receiver. (d) A fully t...
Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 57 pps
... performance monitoring, and fault management. In addition,
security and accounting are also management functions. Most functions of manage-
ment are performed through a hierarchy of centralized management ... cen-
tralized management-plane-based approach to a more distributed connection control
plane approach using protocols similar to those used in IP and ATM networks.
Eye safety co...
Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 64 pps
... uses a tunable laser at the
CO. A frame sent to each ONU from the CO consists of two parts: a
data
part,
wherein data is transmitted by the CO, and a
return traffic
part, wherein no data
... expensive today to transmit analog video signals
over an all-fiber infrastructure; this may necessitate an analog hybrid fiber coax
overlay that carries the analog video signals. The FTT...
Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 73 pps
...
Dallas-Atlanta 1305 19 43 26
Kansas City-Nashville 873 68 102 80
Kansas City-Chicago 750 26 61 29
Nashville-Atlanta 388 63 47 14
Atlanta-Tampa 742 48 30 14
Tampa-Miami 370 33 45 25
Miami-Charlotte ... refers to an undersea
cable used to connect two locations that are not separated by a body of water, usu-
ally neighboring countries. A trunk-and-branch configuration is also popul...
Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 82 pps
... Koga, A. Watanabe, T. Kawai, K. Sato, and Y. Ohmori. Large-capacity optical
path cross-connect system for WDM photonic transport network.
IEEE JSAC"
Special Issue on High-Capacity Optical ... J. L. Zyskind, J. A. Nagel, and M. A. Ali. Experimental and theoretical
analysis of relaxation-oscillations and spectral hole burning effects in all -optical
gain-clamped EDFA's fo...