Encyclopedia of World CulturesVolume I - NORTH AMERICA - Y pot

... was cooked and ritually consumed, thus signifying the opening of the fishing season for upstream Yurok villages. Religious Practitioners. Among the Yurok were formu- lists, usually old men who could recite formulae for various events, such as releasing a person from corpse contamination. The Yurok also believed in sorcerers who caused various evil occurrences. Women usually functioned as &q...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 11:20

... eastern seaboard in Canada. Basques are present in every state of the United States but are concentrated in California, Idaho, and Nevada. Basques are particularly noted for an identification with sheepherding and are therefore present to some degree in the open-range livestock districts of all thirteen states of the American West. Florida, New York, and Connecticut have significant Bas...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 11:20

... as community health representatives who offer in-home services and training. Additionally, people use traditional medicine and blessing dancers and singers. Death and Afterlife. The world of humans is the world of illusion and shadow; reality resides in the other world of Power and Creator. Upon death a soul remains close to home for four days; if a proper funeral and burial is he...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 11:20

... occupied by the members of several families who lived in close proximity to one another, but who main- tained a high level of autonomy nevertheless. Each extended family served as a redistribution network in which the family head and his wife served as foci. Men who demonstrated su- perior hunting, managerial, and leadership skills, and who were married to women of commensurate ability,...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 11:20

... neighboring bands asked permission to use certain areas. Trapping areas were used by and associated with partic- ular families and were handed down along family lines from one generation to the next as they often are today. The 1906 Alaska Native Allotment Act was extinguished in 1971 by the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act. Prior to 1971 many natives applied for individual land allotments...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 11:20

... 1981, the major Ukrainian-Canadian urban centers included Edmonton (63,000, 10 percent of the city's population), Winnipeg (59,000, 10 percent), and Toronto (51,000, 2 percent). Over 20,000 additional persons in each of these cities reported partial Ukrainian ancestry. Particu- larly in the prairies, numerous small towns and rural areas continue to record a high incidence of Ukrain...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 11:20

... MEASUREMENT CONVERSIONS When You Know Multiply By To Find LENGTH inches 2.54 centimeters feet 30 centimeters yards 0.9 meters miles 1.6 kilometers millimeters 0.04 inches centimeters 0.4 inches meters 3.3 feet meters 1.1 yards kilometers 0.6 miles AREA square feet 0.09 square meters square yards 0.8 square meters square miles 2.6 square kilometers acres 0.4 hectares hectares 2.5 acres square...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 11:20

... province of Quebec has influenced the spoken language, whereas isolated areas such as Cheticamp, on Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, have maintained a more archaic form of speech. In the Moncton area, constant intermingling between Acadians and English speakers has spawned a hybrid form of speech, known as Chiac. In French-language schools, modem standard French is taught, and students...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 11:20

... in southern California. The Cahuilla language is classi- fied in the Cupan subgroup of the Takic family of Uto- Aztecan languages. Although it had nearly become extinct, efforts are now underway through language programs for Cahuilla children to maintain its use. Because of their inland location, the Cahuilla were directly influenced by Europeans later than other more western groups. Fi...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 11:20

... the community and for joint rituals for intermarriages. Socialization. During the communal period, there was broad resistance to public schooling, which was seen as as- similative at best and a tool of the Antichrist at worst. In the 1920s some public schools were burned, but after provincial government reprisals the community gradually accepted and then embraced public education. Freedomit...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 11:20