Encyclopedia of World CulturesVolume I - NORTH AMERICA - U pot

... trade. Land Tenure. Aboriginal land ownership was limited to usufruct rights to hunting and gathering for a family. Individ- ual land ownership was apparently unknown. A degree of ter- ritoriality was present to the extent that non-Utes (for exam- ple, Shoshone) had no access to important resource areas such as the Utah Lake fishery. Anglo settlement and agricul- tural pursuits removed the...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 11:20

... with voodoo (voudun in Haiti) as an Afro-Catholic set of religious practices. Unlike Haiti, Lou- isiana Black Catholics have remained more connected to of- ficial church practices; thus African retentions are less marked. Still, within the context of the United States, south- ern Louisiana Catholicism is unique. The practices of heal- ers, spiritualists, and voodoo specialists who uti...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 11:20

... Mennonites 217 to organize agricultural settlements. Again in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, Mennonites left Prussia, Poland, and Russia to settle in North and South America. After World War I, many from Russia, Canada, and Germany emi- grated to Latin America. Presently, Mennonite congregations and communities are found throughout the world: the Soviet Union, China, West...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 11:20

... 'Dine," meaning simply 'the people." Location. In the Southwest, the traditional home of the Navajo has been on the Colorado Plateau-the arid and deeply dissected upland of northwestern New Mexico and northeastern Arizona. Elevations range from thirty-five hun- dred to more than ten thousand feet, with hot summers, cold winters, and relatively scant rainfall. Most of...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 11:20

... neighboring bands asked permission to use certain areas. Trapping areas were used by and associated with partic- ular families and were handed down along family lines from one generation to the next as they often are today. The 1906 Alaska Native Allotment Act was extinguished in 1971 by the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act. Prior to 1971 many natives applied for individual land allotments...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 11:20

... the consumption of a hallucination-producing decoction derived from the root of jimsonweed. Sociopolitical Organization Social and Political Organization. Among the Yokuts there was no overarching political authority uniting the nu- merous subtribes. Rather, each subtribe was an autonomous unit composed of one or a few villages. Leadership within the village units was provided by a head...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 11:20

... MEASUREMENT CONVERSIONS When You Know Multiply By To Find LENGTH inches 2.54 centimeters feet 30 centimeters yards 0.9 meters miles 1.6 kilometers millimeters 0.04 inches centimeters 0.4 inches meters 3.3 feet meters 1.1 yards kilometers 0.6 miles AREA square feet 0.09 square meters square yards 0.8 square meters square miles 2.6 square kilometers acres 0.4 hectares hectares 2.5 acres square...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 11:20

... province of Quebec has influenced the spoken language, whereas isolated areas such as Cheticamp, on Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, have maintained a more archaic form of speech. In the Moncton area, constant intermingling between Acadians and English speakers has spawned a hybrid form of speech, known as Chiac. In French-language schools, modem standard French is taught, and students...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 11:20

... of lands for the current Mississippi Choctaw Reserva- tion centered on lands where Choctaw were located, resulting in a dispersed pattern of six major reservation communities. In Oklahoma, the Choctaw are concentrated in what was the old Choctaw Nation in southeastern Oklahoma. Here tradi- tional Choctaw rural communities still exist on more mar- ginal lands. The aboriginal Choctaw house...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 11:20

... the community and for joint rituals for intermarriages. Socialization. During the communal period, there was broad resistance to public schooling, which was seen as as- similative at best and a tool of the Antichrist at worst. In the 1920s some public schools were burned, but after provincial government reprisals the community gradually accepted and then embraced public education. Freedomit...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 11:20