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The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 96 pptx

The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 96 pptx

The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 96 pptx

... ought to actin a certain way towards others, the universalizability of‘ought’ requires me to accept that others ought to act in the same way towards me. This then commits me, it issaid, to accepting ... enough to make a list of these. Cer-tainly in their talk they give evidence of having the mater-ials ready to hand. Philosopher-editors, being accessories to the publication of much that by their ... reducing effects to their material causes. The appeal here is to intuitionslike ‘What is the nail-clipper except the steel?’ Such reduc-tive logic is then applied to resolve all objects into inten-tional...
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The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 3 pptx

The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 3 pptx

... motion, due to Zeno ofElea. In a race, Achilles can never catch the tortoise, if the tortoise is given a head start. For while Achilles closes the initial gap between them, the tortoise will ... one, the tor-toise will have created another. However fast Achillesruns, all that the tortoise has to do, in order not to bebeaten, is make some progress in the time it takes Achilles to close ... to abortion oftenrefer to themselves as ‘pro-choice’ rather than as ‘pro-abortion’. In this way they seek to bypass the issue of the moral status of the foetus, and instead make the right to abortion...
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The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 10 pptx

The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 10 pptx

... them. Forexample, our access to the physical world seems to be onlyvia our own sense-data, to the minds of others via theirbehaviour, and to the past via our memories. There arefour types of possible ... forinstance, that the wrongness of *killing rests, in part, on the fact that to deprive someone of their life is normally to violate their autonomy. This account carries the implica-tion that the moral ... wished their life to beended—for instance, in the case of voluntary *euthanasia.On the contrary, respect for the person’s autonomywould then require one to comply with their wishes.Another...
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The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 25 pptx

The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 25 pptx

... arranged as to enable him to fulfil this role. In such a society the rulers will possess the wisdom to guide the rest in the light of the good and the true.In the good city there will be all the usual ... of Socratesthan to the Plato of the Republic.During the Christian era, Platonic themes resurface,notably in the writings of St Augustine. Human natureneeds to be turned to the light because ... regularitiesrequire: they are bound to have the attitudes that lead byordinary psychology to suitable actions; or they arebound, at whatever cost to their attitudinal coherence—they may ‘go on the blink’—to...
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The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 43 pptx

The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 43 pptx

... agreeable to the personhimself or to others’; and he invokes sympathy, probably the central notion of his whole moral theory, to explain theiroperation. Qualities that are useful or agreeable to otherswill ... were the first agents of a de facto *pluralism. The condemnation of the revisionists, and their joiningforces with other dissidents, quickened the pace of the dis-integration of the system. The ... pushed the pendulum to the other extreme, suggesting that only the young andundeveloped is the truly good. Based on a totally inad-equate grasp of the facts, the belief grew that it is in the ‘noble...
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The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 51 pptx

The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 51 pptx

... to the idealist H. H.Joachim’s The Nature of Truth (1906) or to the pragmatistWilliam James’s The Meaning of Truth (1909) as they do to the founding works of analytical philosophy. s.w.b.There ... using them. But the story is entirely schematic, rem-iniscent of the Stoic doctrine of lekta, and Frege tells usnothing of the nature of this grasp, nor how to answer the old objections to the ... effects on the personapprehending them; hence they are theoretically uselessand should play no part in a naturalistic science of the mind. The argument applies to both Platonic and Aris-totelian...
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The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 53 pptx

The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 53 pptx

... observeis first the occurrence of the cause, followed by the occur-rence of the effect. There is nothing to bind them together,apart from the fact that they are constantly conjoined, in the sense ... each has the perceptionswe would expect it to have, were there extended materialobjects that are perceived. The first is the thesis of univer-sal expression; the second, the thesis of the *pre-established ... hiscontributions to mathematics, especially to the develop-ment of the *calculus. The debate concerning to whompriority of discovery should be assigned—Newton orLeibniz—captured the attention of their...
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The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 57 pptx

The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 57 pptx

... 1971).logicism. The slogan of the programme is ‘Mathematics islogic’. The goal is to provide solutions to problems in the philosophy of *mathematics, by reducing mathematics,or some of its branches, to ... is rich enough to docomplete justice to mathematics. It is often said that the logicists accomplished (only) a reduction of somebranches of mathematics to set theory. On the other hand,a number ... enough to employ him, is declared to be the one person fit to discover ‘Virtue’s Terra Incog-nita’. j.o’g.Luther, Martin (1483–1546). German theologian, Profes-sor of Philosophy and then of Theology...
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The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 63 pptx

The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 63 pptx

... heredesigned the liberal edifice built on these foundations to the romantic patterns of the nineteenth century. For thesehe was himself one of the great spokesmen. He learnedmuch of the historical ... fundamental to scientific inquiry was the hypothetical method, in whichone argues to the truth of a hypothesis from the fact that itwould explain observed phenomena. Mill, on the otherhand, ... individuality and autonomy, capable of being brought to fruition through the culture of the whole man. The controversy over Mill’s achievement has alwayscentred on whether the synthesis he sought,...
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The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 64 pptx

The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 64 pptx

... than, or prior to, the inten-tionality of language, or is it rather the reverse? Perhaps,neither is prior to the other, both being interdependent.Moreover, we seem to be able to have thoughts ... of modes is that they dependfor their identity upon the identity of the particular sub-stances which possess them. Thus, that a thought is the particular thought it is is partly determined ... examplewould be the square shape of a particular piece of wood.Here the wood is the substance possessing the mode, andspatial extension is the attribute of which the mode is aninstance. Another example...
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