The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 27 doc
The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 27 doc
... sense-data of the
kind required by the theory can exist. They are usually
supposed to be things that are exactly as they appear. Since
their being just consists in their appearing to some mind
they can ... this way, as the teleological moralists
would assert. All the more dangerous is the use of the
maxim The end justifies the means’ to suggest that
because some particular...
The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 16 docx
... stable dispositions to feel and to act at the right time,
towards the right people, etc. (this is Aristotle’s ‘doctrine
of the *mean’). A virtuous character develops out of the
reflective performance ... justified.
Chisholm’s commitment to the second of these pre-
suppositions caused him to devote a great deal of time to
the ‘Gettier problem’. His commitment to the thi...
The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 17 docx
... and the gods that gave their names to the seven
days of the week. The ‘gazing Country-man’ who only
observes the ‘outward appearances’ of the clock has a very
different idea of the clock from the ... threat to be cred-
ible, either both parties must know that the person mak-
ing the threat can make good on it, or the one making the
threat must successfully deceive...
The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 24 doc
... philosophical topics: the Britannica (from 1768 to
the present), Brockhaus (1796 to the present), Larousse
(1866 to the present).
The first works explicitly claiming to be encyclopaedias
of philosophy ... (‘All things belong to the
gods; the gods are friends to the wise; friends hold in com-
mon what belongs to them; so all things belong to the
Diogenes the...
The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 29 docx
... ones. The esoteric works
were intended for more advanced pupils. Their obscurity
gave rise to the story that they concealed Aristotle’s true
doctrines, which were a secret to be revealed only to ... to me just now. If this last
were true, we are thrown back to two questions. The first
is whether, and how, the belief about how things seem to
me just now is justified. The se...
The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 31 docx
... accepted the benefits
that the other party conceived of your accepting the bene-
fits as the first stage of an exchange, then you are not
required to pay up, since you didn’t actually agree to the
exchange. ... chiefly with the name of Karl Marx, who
gave the name ‘rate of exploitation’ to the ratio of the
labour time in which the worker produces the capitalist’s
surpl...
The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 33 doc
... encapsulates
the former view; the slogan *credo ut intelligam epitomizes
the latter. There being no reason to prefer one absurdity
to another, the commitments of extreme fideists are
bound to seem ... requires the existence of others, we have
a duty not to kill others or otherwise impair their capacity
for moral activity. The Science of Rights applies ethical
principles...
The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 38 doc
... interpreted. Thinkers turn to the great philoso-
phers of the past—in particular Plato and Aristotle—for
inspiration. A halt is called to the conflict between Platon-
ists and Aristotelians that had prevailed ... from the Christian creed.
Parallel with this, he endeavours to assimilate the
scientific findings of his time and to synthesize them into a
unified theory of the co...
The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 41 docx
... a.m
aci.
*Buddhist philosophy; moral philosophy, history of.
history, history of the philosophy of. Philosophy of his-
tory is generally understood as covering two distinct types
of inquiry. The first of these—commonly ... begins. The outcome of
the conflict is the transformation of the relations of
production to bring them into line with the productive
powers so as to...
The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 52 doc
... and mathematician who made major contribu-
tions to celestial mechanics and *probability theory. In
cosmology he was one of the two independent originators
of the nebular hypothesis (the other ... us to invest
words and sentences with a certain meaning, whilst the
second investigates the relationships between words and
the things to which they refer, or the facts that they...
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