The grammar of the english verb phrase part 102 potx

... Cappelle. p. cm. − (The grammar of the English verb phrase ; v. 1) (Topics in English linguistics ; 60 .1) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN -13 : 978-3 -11 - 018 589-8 (hardcover : ... paper) ISBN -10 : 3 -11 - 018 589-X (hardcover : acid-free paper) 1. English language − Tense. 2. English language − Grammar. I. Reed, Susan, 19 59− II. Cappelle, Be...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 23:20

... verb forms 22 A. Tense 22 1.14 Introduction 22 1.15 The formation of the present tense 23 1.16 The formation of the past tense 23 1.17 The formation of the other tenses 24 1.18 The meanings of ... 25 1.19 Special uses of tenses 27 B. Aspect 28 1 .20 Introduction 28 1 .21 Perfective aspect 30 1 .22 Imperfective aspect 31 1 .23 Habitual aspect 33 1...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 23:20

... speak of a noun phrase (NP) (e. g. all those beautiful houses built in the sixties). If the head is a verb, the phrase is a verb phrase (VP). In the following sentence the VP is in italics and the verb ... with the past tense and the present perfect. Chapters 13 and 14 look at the semantics of the temporal adverbs when, before and after and the consequenc...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 23:20

... Introduction pairing of a meaning and a particular form of the verb. In English the second of these two elements is lacking when ingressive meaning is expressed. 1.22.3 The same is true where the expression of egressive’ ... describe the situation as characteristic of the referent of the subject NP over a certain period of time. English has a special form to ex...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 23:20

... is not the time of the full situa- tion: it is the time of the predicated situation, i. e. that part of the time of the full situation that coincides with the situation time of said. The claim ... So, even if the time of the full situation of Bill brooding does not completely coincide with the time of the full situation of John believ- ing, and the...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 23:20

... is conceived of as the time of the trip, the speaker can be said to be concerned with the situational constitution of the pre-present zone.) In each of these three cases (a)Ϫ(c), the speaker ‘looks ... ‘measuring’ 256 5. The absolute use of the present perfect separating two times. (In this case the times in question are the time of the accident, which is als...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 23:20

... at the end of the pre-present may include t 0 is not expressed by the perfect, which only expresses that the situation time of the hypersituation is contained in 270 5. The absolute use of the ... ‘situationwise’. The speaker thus focuses on the situational con- stitution of the pre-present zone and not only on the temporal location of a situation on the time...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 23:20

... concerned with NOW or THEN can be clear from the way the sentence is used in context or from particular constitu- ents of the sentence. The impact of particular types of temporal adverbials was referred ... selec- tion of the one or the other of the two tenses, see chapter 12. In the present chapter, we first have a look at the central notion of ‘actualization fo...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 23:20

... clause of the until-clause: the situation time of the arrival cannot be represented as T-posterior to the situation time of decided. The only pos- sibility is for the situation time of the until-clause ... is that the situa- tion time of an until-clause cannot be bound indirectly (by means of the use of the conditional tense) by the situation time which als...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 23:20

... whether the binding orientation time is the central orientation time of the domain or an- other orientation time in the past domain (i. e. the central orientation time of a subdomain inside the ... use the relative past tense (preterite), irrespective of whether the binding orientation time is the central orientation time or an- other orientation time in the domain....

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 23:20

... continue the active life, which was the only kind she knew. [The stairs of the old house defeated her.] (www) [The only problem was that they didn’t have the lightbulbs, the truck to take them there ... to the use of the present tense of be to for official arrangements regarding the future (see 7.15), the past tense of be to can be used to refer to a past official...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 23:20

... represent the coming to see the play as anterior to the beginning of the seeing and represent the latter as past with respect to the rest of the situation of seeing. This divorcing of the coming and the ... intention of doing so. The use of had come to see the play is therefore normal: both the coming to see the play and the resultant state of being i...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 23:20

... period of time. In most cases a habit implies repetition: the characteristic in question is ascribed to the referent of the subject NP on the basis of the fact that there have been a number of instances. ... hence of entities, for which the head-clause statement is true, the relative clauses in the second pair of examples restrict the number of entities, and he...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 00:20

... that there is no possibility of using the present perfect in both the head clause and the before-clause, because the presence of a time-specifying adverbial as a rule prevents the use of the present ... focus on the fact that the situation of the before-clause has not yet actualized when the situation of the head clause actualizes. We have already discussed som...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 00:20

... not interpreted as homogeneous (ϭ the same all the way through); this means that the verb phrase is only applicable to the kind of situation as a whole: there is no part of the situation type referred ... to the kind of situation (which is then always atelic) and to the verb phrase denoting it. (b) On the level of clauses, ‘homogeneous’ is an inherent feature...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 00:20