... comprised of a deterministic and a random portion. In the following, we discuss the delay sources at the two layers and argue that, in both cases, a common underlying model of Gaussian delay uncertainty ... shown in Figure 1, there is an offset between the transmit time of the pulse at the sender and the arrivaltimeestimateatthereceiver.One source of this lag is Tp, the propagation delay between the ... defined as the interval between when the time information is generated by the sender node and when this information is determined by the receiver node. Furthermore, in either case, this delay canbe...