The Discovery of Type II Superconductors Part 12 docx

... size of the superconductors and the length of the c-axis of the unit cell of the system are highly effective on both of the first and second chaotic points of the superconducting system. 2. The ... Determination of the chaotic points 3.1 The analysis of temperature dependence of magnetization The concept of chaos can be defined as the transitio...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 05:20

... Cu(+III) ions. For the other elements in Table 3, we have considered the following stable oxidation states: La(+III), Y(+III), Ba( +II) , Sr( +II) , Bi(+III), Ca( +II) , Tl(+III), Hg( +II) and O( -II) . ... coherence length is of the order of the distance between two atoms, the order of magnitude of the width of the insulator film should be about one angstrom, and...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 05:20

... reversible, the hysteresis rather small. 5. The difference in free energy of magnetized and normal superconductors was given by the area of the curve: ΔF = ∫МdH, The Discovery of Type II Superconductors ... superconductivity, the experimental side of the discovery of these superconductors, as far as the author knows, having been discussed only fragmen...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 05:20

... raises the question of whether the Josephson transitions dominate in the transfer of the pair of 2D holes in the plane of the nanostructured δ - barriers and in the proximity effect due to the ... restricted to 2 nm. Therefore, the distribution of the microdefects created at the initial stage of the oxidation seems to represent the fractal of the S...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 05:20

... MgB 2 . The parameters of Raman spectra vary with the composition of MgB 2 crystals and the influence of their surroundings, which depends on both the connectivity and the disorder of the ... −− ⎣ ⎦ (7) with Z k being the atomic number of the k-atom, r 0 is the electron classic radius, α = Z k /137, β is the ratio of the electron velocity to the...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 05:20

... Energies of particles were selected considering the optimisation of nuclear reaction of the projectile with the sample and the range of particles in the sample. In case of HTSC Bi-cuprates, the purpose ... a particular irradiation, d.p.a. is proportional to the fluence or dose of irradiation. Moreover, it depends on the energy and the nature of the projec...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 05:20

... slowly in case of B implying lower slope of J c -B curve for sample B. The lower values of the exponents k and m of the irradiated sample show that there is reduction of the distance of the pinning ... matrix of intensity values, I(r), associated with the intensity of the interference at each point of the image. The characteristics of the CCD camera...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 05:20

... usually added to the 123 powders before melt processing. These extra particles are partly utilized in the liquid phase for growth of the 123 matrix, partly are trapped in the RE -123 matrix (see ... content of Ti enhances flux pinning of the NEG -123 material. To find more about the pinning effect of Ti nanoparticles in NEG -123 , we examined the microstructure of...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 05:20

... uniformity or on the shapes, packing and alignment of the regions and/or pores of the size larger than the resolution. Further development of the technique and improvement of the resolution is ... Fig. 17. The elemental content in the new nanoparticles in the material from Fig. 16. Note the significant amount of Nb in all nanoparticles. The last NEG -123 ma...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 05:20

... was reported that the superconducting properties of these materials are affected with increase of the amount of doping, regardless of the nature of the dopants. The repression of superconductivity ... to study the Figure of merit of the ceramic superconductors. One of the important thermomagnetic transport quantities is the electrothermal conductivity...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 05:20